Aspergers

Espalier's Syndrome is a type of pervasive developmental disorder (PAD). These types of disorders (PAD) have delays Is the development of basic skills such as, the ability to socialize, to communicate, and to use Imagination. Children with Espalier's typically have normal intelligence and language development, but these could change as they get older. This disorder was declared official In 1944 by an Austrian doctor, Hans Aspirer. How Is Espalier's different from Autism? Children with AS don't have a delay in cognitive development or developing language skills.Children with Autism tend to have difficulty with symbolic thinking and pretend play. Another difference is the severity in symptoms, someone with AS can just be mistaken for a normal person behaving differently. Autistic kids will seem uninterested and stand-offish, where AS you want to fit in and interact with others (NAME). Symptoms of Espalier's can range from mild to severe, common symptoms are, problems with social skills , eccentric or repetitive behavior, unusual precautions or rituals, limited range of interest, coordination problems, lastly, skilled and talented (WebMD).I wouldn't necessarily say that the symptoms of AS are normal types of symptoms you would see In other disorders, but beneficial. Normal to above average Intelligence Is normal for AS but they usually have troubles with social Interactions. Anxiety, frustration, and depression are 3 common contributed behaviors. The cause for Aspirer†s remains unknown, but it has been seen to run in families so it could possibly be inherited. This disorder is classified under unique, the exact number of people with this disorder is unknown but they estimate 1 in every 250 children (WebMD).Studies say it is four times for likely to appear in males than females and is usually diagnosed in children between the ages of 2 and 6 years old (WebMD). Diagnosing Espalier's Is not the easiest, there Is no specific test that can tell you If you have Esp alier's Syndrome, you have to go through a series of test such as, x-rays and blood work. Doctors will also complete a physical examination because It has been see that patients with Espalier's have low muscle tone and dysphasia. If there is no physical disorder found you may be sent to see a specialist in childhood development disorders.There is no cure for Espalier's but there is treatment to elf improve. The treatments include special education, behavioral modifications, speech, physical and occupational therapy, and last, social skills therapy (WebMD). With effective treatment, children with Espalier's can learn to overcome or control their disability and repetitive tendencies. Adults with this disorder work successfully but sometimes still struggle with maintaining an independent life. All treatments work differently for everyone, some not at all. In an article on treatments for AS from Psych Central It stated that â€Å"According to the National Institute of NeurologicalDisor ders and Stroke, the Ideal treatment for Espalier's coordinates therapies that address the three core symptoms of the disorder: poor communication skills, obsessive or repetitive routines, and physical clumsiness. † Parenting a child with Espalier's is not easy, it has its difficulties. If you have a child who has been yourself you will be able to help your child grow to their fullest. A daily schedule has shown to help a lot. In the schedule include specific times for therapies, school, meals, and bedtime. If you have to make a change to the schedule, alert your child forehand so they can adjust.Having a â€Å"safe place† in your home will benefit your child because they will have a place to relax and feel secure. Children with Espalier's tend to get irritated somewhat quickly, causing them to lash out, if your child does so, sending them to their safe place can help them collect, and calm down. A main concern with parents who have a child with AS is their social life at school, â€Å"will my child have friends? † is a common question most parents ask. Most kids still live a normal social life throughout school. They make new friends; it's Just harder on some Han others.Identifying children with the same interest as yours can make it a lot easier on the child. Encouraging your child to develop their strengths and interest and to Join clubs or participate in any after school activities is a great way for their social skills to become stronger, especially as they grow older and move into middle/ high school. Many people don't know when a child has AS because it is so hard to see, it's not like other syndromes or disorders that develop physical traits. When you are the sibling of an AS patient it can also be stressful for you.Some siblings can come Jealous or embarrassed of their brother/sister because the parent(s) focus more of their time and attention on them. Some siblings may need to learn how to look out for themselves because some AS p atients have a hard time controlling their frustration or anger. Sticking up for a brother/sister whom suffers from AS is the best thing a sibling could do, it shows that even though you may not always get along, you love them and care for them. This can make them feel accepted or normal because it's something that a â€Å"normal† sibling would do for another.I have a younger sister who has AS and it can be hard. She is 8 years younger than I so we tend to bicker. When she is put in a situation where she has to be independent, say ask a stranger for directions, she becomes very nervous and her anxiety shoots through the roof. If she is upset and you continuously ask her what is wrong, she will lash out and become violent. Sometimes she won't remember what she said or did. When she has these tantrums we usually let her calm down and relax until we confront her about them. Sports and horses have been a huge help with her anxiety and AS.By interacting with other kids her age she has learned to be less socially awkward. Medications does play a role in her daily life, she takes medicine once a day at night before bed. The medication is supposed to help with her anxiety and aggressive tendencies. Not only do children struggle with AS but so do adults. An adult with AS may have difficulties understanding other people emotions, they can misinterpret others facial expressions and body language for something else. This can cause someone with AS to come off as selfish, egotistical, or uncaring (Better Health).When a person with AS is notified about their actions they may come off as shocked and set because neurologically they are unable to understand other people's emotions. Overall adults have a better understanding of their strengths and weaknesses; they are able to learn social skills People think that Just because you have a disability, it means you can't have a romantic relationship with someone. Adult with AS still have romantic relationships, according to t he Better Health Channel â€Å"Studies suggest that many struggle with the myriad of complex skills required to successfully negotiate intimate relationships†.Sometimes they can come off as inappropriate or immature cause they are unaware of what is right and wrong to say or do. When in a relationship, a partner can become frustrated because of unfair distribution of responsibilities. When the partner expresses their feelings of frustration to the AS partner, they come off baffled because they don't realize what they are doing. Having a career and being an AS patient is very normal, you could be working with someone with AS and not even know it. People with AS can excel in a lot of different areas, such as mathematics, music, or being visually creative.Some careers for AS patients that re visual thinkers are computer programming, drafting, photography, or equipment design (Better Health). If you are a music or math fanatic some career choices may be accounting, telemarketer, pianist, or a Journalist. Working with an AS person is not hard, communicating clearly is a good way for your AS employee to work to their fullest ability. Only expect one project at a time, putting too much stress on them can cause anxiety or them to lash out. Being specific with what you want from them is another way for them to be the best employee.When they know what is expected room them they will give it, Just like any other employee, you Just have to be clear, straight forward, and specific. AS employees are seen to be the most hardworking and dedicated employees a business could have. In conclusion to my research paper, I think that Espalier's Syndrome is a rare diagnosis that carries beauty. These people are so bright and intelligent that you'd never even know they had AS. They live normal lives and have good Jobs Just like a number of normal people. They may have some social setbacks here and there but with time and the right treatments they can overcome anything.I think t hat everyone should be given an equal chance no matter what they're disability may be. My sister being 12 and a AS patient, she is heading into middle school, a stressful time for someone with AS. Between her therapies and medications she has learned to control her symptoms and by participating in after school activates, even though they might stress her out, she has gained so many friends, more friends than I ever did in middle school. I hope this paper helped you learn about Espalier's Syndrome and can help you understand more of what it really is.

Fast-Food Industry: Friend or Foe? Essay

The 2004 American documentary known as Super-Size Me left a remarkable impact on America’s fast-food industries, as well as fellow fast-food consumers. Not to mention, six weeks after Super-Size Me was released, McDonalds took the â€Å"Super-Size† option off their menu as well as their stress on healthier menu choices; such as salads, fruit, and the new adult happy meal. The director, writer, and producer of Super-Size Me is also starring in the film himself, he is Morgan Spurlock. This documentary is anything but flashy or cinematically amazing; it purely presents the real story of Morgan’s journey to a healthier America. Americans know how addicting fast-food really is, but what they don’t know is what fast-food does to their bodies over time. Super-Size Me did influence McDonalds and our society as a whole, however have we still been a healthier America since then. The main point for Spurlock’s experiment was simply, the growing spread of obesit y in our society. There was even a lawsuit that was brought against McDonald’s by two overweight girls, who later became obese because of eating McDonald’s food. But as you would guess, the lawsuit failed. As Super-Size Me starts, Morgan Spurlock is at an above average shape condition in respect of his personal trainer. He is then seen by three doctors: a cardiologist, a gastroenterologist, a general practitioner, as well as a nutritionist and a personal trainer. Morgan Spurlock is documented for thirty days from February 1st to March 2, 2003, in which he eats only McDonald’s food. Yes that means for breakfast, lunch, and dinner; not to mention every time he is asked to â€Å"super-size† his meal Spurlock must super-size it. Eating McDonald’s all day made his calorie intake for each day approximately 5,000 calories, which is equal to nine Big Macs! This movie is pretty straight-forward going along with the title, however along the way Spurlock visits elementary schools to see how healthy their food options are. He also does some speeches at schools for the kids, warning them the dangers of unhealthy food choices as well as getting active every day. As well as inter viewing random people he meets on the street and at McDonald’s restaurants. Spurlock asks them about their eating habits and why they chose to eat at fast-food instead of cooking at home. Majority of the people interviewed chose fast-food because it was easy, fast, and of course just darn delicious. Also many of them didn’t seem too concerned for their  health, or how much McDonalds they ate in a week. Some even refused to answer Spurlock’s questions they had negative actions towards his experiment. This is not surprising, many people especially children have no worries about what fast-food does to their body; they just know it tastes good and is a quick fix. As you can tell, this movie is not all about a crazy guy eating McDonald’s for weeks; it also has great nutritional facts and a look at how unhealthy America is compared to other countries. Towards the end of the movie, Spurlock finds out the results of his thirty-day challenge. He gained twenty-four and a half pounds, a thirteen percent body mass increase, a cholesterol level of 230, experienced mood swings, sexual dysfunction, and fat accumulation in his liver. Not only that, it took him fourteen months to lose the weight he gained during this Super-Size Me experiment. The documentary closes with an interesting question, asking â€Å"Who do you want to see go first, you or them?† Super-Size Me can be a love-hate relationship for most people who get the chance to watch it. If you love McDonald’s and don’t have much care for eating right this movie wouldn’t be for you; on the other hand, if you are displeased with the fast-food industry in America and interested in seeing how it affects people, this would be a great movie for you. For me, I really enjoyed this movie; it opened my eyes about how overweight and unhealthy we Americans are. You would not believe what fast-food does to your body over time, and how it changes your body steadily without you knowing a thing! I still love and consume fast-food to this day, but I definitely try my very best to not take part as much as I did before. Granted, not every person that watches Super-Size Me will get the same inspirational, mind-blowing feeling to change their eating habits . However, I strongly feel in my gut that this documentary changed a lot of people, whether they were a part of the movie or just a viewer. I just really hope that we Americans have stayed true to the facts of Super-Size Me and have not forgotten the effects of constant fast-food eating.

Cafe D. Pownd Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cafe D. Pownd - Case Study Example This is prepared by two to one chef.Lastly; the cafe has a payment line (L3) that has two cashiers who work even in the peak hours. Due to huge number of the residence the cafà © has experienced major challenges in the congestions due to the layout of the cafeteria. Ordinarily the cafeteria that is found at the learning institutions should enable the student’s food without wastage of time whatoever.However; this has been in the opposite. The general layout of the cafà © including the serving area was not done appropriately. This is because most of the activities are done in the building thereby causing congestion. The problem with the cafà © is that it lacks space to accommodate the large number of people during the peak seasons. The congestion has caused more problems since there is confusion in the queues. This is because many people fail to understand the line they are in especially when there is much congestion during the peak season. This therefore wastes the time of people as they have to make several rotations to get the right line thereby wasting more time. The congestions have also affected the beverage service significantly. The customers have to cross the precooked and the interactive lines before going to the serving zones. This causes father congestions and more spillovers. The customers have also been affected financially as the beverage and the food timings are not congruent and therefore the customers have to buy more beverages compromising their budgets. As it has been seen there has been congestion in the cafeteria. These congestions have caused the customers to experience long waiting hour. The precooked average time to get the food is 5.8 minute. This means that this time will be used for student to get to the counter and order the food. The customer will take 5.12 minutes for him/her to pay the bills. This implies that the

Economics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Economics - Research Paper Example ed companies have in the recent times weathered breaches in their technological environments, numerous incidents are never reported and business have avoided publicizing the fact that they have paid ransom to criminals or providing descriptions of their risks of exposure to the attacks. Numerous big corporations have intensely strengthened their information security capacity in the past few years and formal processes have been instigated to point out and classify information security risks in order to develop mitigation strategies. Information security environments have become less open compared to the way they were in the last few years since various measures have been implemented including disabling USB ports and blocking webmail services, additionally, robust technologies have been installed to ensure security around perimeters. Risks to information security continue to increase and data has become increasingly pervasive, with more institutions facing heightened risks of attacks compared to the number of risks faced previously. The risks are higher in the case of the internet since the rising numbers of online transactions have created a bigger incentive for criminals as they can get more money (Wheeler, 2011). Additionally, companies that seek to mine data including information on customers and their transactions, outcome s of the launch of products and other information concerning markets, have created valuable intellectual property that has become a favorable target thereby increasing risks. In the current business environment, companies are supposed to be as open as possible and people who work in business units continue to demand for greater access to corporate networks using the mobile devices they usually use for their personal activities. Even though smartphones and tablets have been integral to increasing connectivity, they have also presented newer threats to information security since when a mobile device is hacked; it provides an easy gateway

Financial Interest Against The Code Of Ethics Essay

Financial Interest Against The Code Of Ethics - Essay Example The essay "Financial Interest Against The Code Of Ethics" discusses the situation when the financial interest of the company goes before the possible harm that the product can bring to the consumers. The paper discusses the situation where the chemist Helen found herself in the situation in which her personal doubts about the safety of the product contradict with the desire of the company to sign a profitable contract and to launch the product. The dilemma that Helen has to deal with is probably typical for all chemists, and in such cases, they have to refer to the Chemical Professional Code of Conduct. I believe that Helen`s doubts about the product should lead to a thorough revision of the experimental data because her concerns are grounded on the fatal outcome of the experimental animals, which is always crucial. Helen did everything that was expected from her: informed her bosses about â€Å"the absorption problem† and its further possible risk and got their opinion on this issue. The bosses assessed economic questions more than the data received in the course of the experiments it seems. Helen has doubts herself because if she had been more convinced about the threat of the product she would have expressed her opinion more unambiguously insisting on the ban of the product launch. The first thing that should be done by Helen, in this case, is involvement of some other experts in chemistry for assessing the data once more before signing the contract. It is possible to attract the experts working in the same company.

Kristen Swansons Theory of Caring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Kristen Swansons Theory of Caring - Essay Example Kristen Swanson is the Dean of the school of nursing and a distinguished professor at the University of North Carolina at the Chapel Hill. Swanson got famous for her theory of caring. She developed the theory with intent of helping pregnant women who lose their pregnancy. The theory suggested that, in a situation where a nurse demonstrates that they care about a patient, the effect is as necessary to the patient as it could be had the nurse provided clinical activities to the patient (Grove et al, 2013). The clinical activities include preventing infections and administering medications. In the theory, Swanson referred to four phenomena that entail the field of nursing. These according to the theory are nursing, patient, health and an environment. The theory defined nursing as the informed caring of the well being of other people. It further defined patients as individuals who are in the process of becoming. The theory entailed five processes that should be followed when providing care to the patient. The five processes included knowing, being with, doing for, enabling and maintaining belief. The theory highlighted that each woman gets valued and treated as an individual while each midwife gets wholly committed to woman-centered care. Swanson described ‘knowing’ as the process of trying to understand a situation as it is in another person’s life. According to the process of knowing, one should not try to assume or conclude how another person feels without the evidence (Gottlieb, 2013). It should be evidence-based. The process involves getting inf ormation from the patient through personal experiences narrated by the patient as well as thorough testing done on the patient. The process of ‘being with’ according to the theory involves being there for or with the woman. The nurse should be in a position to be there for the woman. They should be able to provide the physical, psychological and emotional support to the woman. In order to achieve this, there should be effective communication between the woman and the nurse. The nurse should listen to the woman’s needs. Being with, according to the theory does not only entail being by the woman’s side physically. It also includes protecting and valuing her ideas. This can be achieved through accounting for every action taken in midwifery with evidence (Gottlieb, 2013). The third process according to the theory entails ‘doing for’. Doing for involves doing what the woman could have done to herself if she was in a position to do so. It involves identifying those activities that the woman cannot currently do for herself because of the situation that she is currently (Peter son & Bredow, 2009). This process can be viewed as the art of midwifery. It, therefore, comprises of all those activities undertaken by the nurse or midwife with an intention of making sure the woman has a successful delivery. The fourth process is enabling. This process can be described as the acts of trying to facilitate other people achieve what they wish in their life. It entails giving people power to do what they wish. In midwifery, the process involves making it

Free movement of people, discrimination on the grounds of nationality, Essay

Free movement of people, discrimination on the grounds of nationality, the legitimacy of an EU regulation - Essay Example The researcher states that article 45 of the Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) covers the free movement of workers within the European Union. Essentially, the right to freedom of workers of EU nationals within member states shall be â€Å"secured within the European Union†. The freedom of movement of workers contained in Article 45 is thus exemplified and regulated by virtue of Regulation ECC 1612/68 which confers upon EU workers the right to have family members reside with him/her when working in another member stae. Together this regulatory framework as applied the European Courts means that Freedom of movement of EU nationals intrinsically means that all obstacles to the freedom of movement must be eliminated. Thus, the EU law regulating the free movement of workers confers upon Rodger, an EU national to work freely within the EU and he should be secure in that right in that all obstacles to this right should be removed. It a ppears that the main obstacle to Rodger’s right to work freely within the EU is the immigration status of his wife Jaunita, who is a non-Member national (Columbian). Rodger who has had difficulties obtaining residential status for Jaunita in England has obtained an entry visa for her in the Netherlands where he has taken up work at a university there. Under the family reunification principle, Rodgers has the right to now return to England with his non-member state wife. It was held in C-370/90 Singh [1992] that a member state could not apply its national immigration laws to a case where an individual national of one member state exercised his or her right to the free movement of workers. If this were the case, EU nationals would not exercise the right to free movement of workers for fear that they could not return to the home state with their families.5 It therefore follows that while England could have rejected Rodger’s application for a residence permit for his forei gn spouse initially, England cannot stop Rodger going to another member state to work, obtaining a residence permit for Jaunita and returning to England with the right to continue to have Jaunita residing with him in England.6 By exercising the right to the free movement of workers within the EU, Rodger is entitled to the protection conferred upon him under EU law and with that comes the right to the protection of his private and family life.7 At the end of the day, once a EU citizen exercises the right to the free movement of workers under Article 3(1) of Directive 2004/38, they will have the rights of residence and employment in the host member state continue in the home state upon return.8 It has also been held that once an EU national exercises the right to the free movement of workers within the EU, his/her spouse, including non-member state spouses have the right to work in the host state.9 Based on the authorities discussed, it is concluded that Rodger has the right to have J aunita reside with him in the Netherlands. Jaunita also has the right to work in the Netherlands as a dependent on Rodger. Moreover, based on the family reunification principle, Jaunita and Rodger may return to England with Jaunita continuing to exercise the right to reside with Rodger and work, rights transferred from the host state to the home state under Community law relative to the free movement of workers. 2. Discrimination on the Grounds of Nationality Juanita and Rodger have the right to the protection accorded all individuals within the EU under the non-discrimination principle expressed in Article 21 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union,

Wooly nightshade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wooly nightshade - Essay Example This report looks at the woolly nightshade, its characteristics and its prevalence in New Zealand, as well as ways of controlling it through the introduction of lace bugs. Furthermore, the lace bug is described and the characteristics, which make it the best option for biologically controlling and eventually eradicating the woolly nightshade, are discussed. Moreover, the application process to have lace bugs imported and released into the New Zealand ecosystem are described in some detail as well as the decision to have them imported and released. Finally, the consequences of the release of these bugs into the environment are discussed and their impact on the eradication of the woolly nightshade is analysed. Pests are not only tiny animals such as insects but also plants that grow naturally wherever the conditions are favourable, and that harm or hinder the growth of other plants in the surrounding environment. Woolly nightshade, or Solanum mauritianum, is an example of a pest plant; it is also known as the kerosene plant, tobacco weed, or the flannel weed. It originated from Brazil and Uruguay, and was brought to New Zealand as a garden plant in 1883 after which it was soon noted growing wild near Auckland. It has various distinctive features that set it apart from other plants, as it has five purple petal flowers that grow at the end of the branches, large oval-shaped leaves that are grey and green in colour. In addition, it produces a strong kerosene smell whenever the leaves are crushed and has the ability to flower throughout the year, producing berries during late spring and summer – they are first green and then turn to yellow when ripe (Ramel, 2012). Because of its fast g rowth, the woolly nightshade usually tends to grow taller than most plants in its surroundings (up to 30 metres tall) to become the dominant plant, so it can cover a very vast region within a relatively short period. This pest plant is common in northern New Zealand in the regions of

Conflict between the Management and the Employees of Riverside Hotel Case Study - 7

Conflict between the Management and the Employees of Riverside Hotel - Case Study Example However, on off-peak days if the hotel receives only 20 guests, the employees will not be performing work on the value level required. This means that the fixed cost incurred through paying wages is a loss for the hotel. The reduced meal cost for the employees also reduces the profit margin. As such, an opportunity cost presents itself in the form of making the cost of wages variable. This means using the size of the reservation to determine the number of customers who will available and create a roster that will see a rotation of extra employees staying at home on days with low volumes of business. Â  The source of conflict between the management and the employees of Riverside Hotel is the costs the employees incur as a result of their taking dinner at the hotel on the late shift (Jiambalvo Case study 1). The hotel’s labor agreements allow the employees to have free meals during their shifts, provided the meal did not exceed $12. This means that any cost in addition to the $12 would be deducted from their wages. The conflict arose when those taking the late shift found that they had been deducted $10 from their wages for every meal. This meant that the meal cost $22 (Jiambalvo Case study 1). To the employees, the management is just ripping them off because they know the price of the supplies and according to them it should not cost them such a figure for one meal. For example, a prime rib dinner includes supplies of a $7 piece of meat and a $1 salad. This adds up to $8 hence the basis for the employee arguments that the meal should not cost even $12. Â  However, the argument of the employees is both right and wrong. It is right because charging them $22 for a meal that they have helped to put together from $8 supplies does not augur well with any business management practice.

Paper for logistic glass Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

For logistic glass - Research Paper Example To be a successful exporter, one needs to seek a good forwarder. These third party companies dealing in transportation coordinate the movement of products across the globe. They also act as information sources that can be used as a guide by new exporters. Some of these exporters include BDP Logistics, Panalpina, Kintetsu, Expeditors, and Schenker (Kafiris, 2010). Export documents are integral in international shipments. Sans proper documentation, coffee beans cannot be exported. Proforma invoices are used to confirm that coffee beans were ordered in the United States, incoterms before they are shipped, payment terms, and pricing. Clients to obtain import licenses and financing that make accuracy essential will use the Proforma invoice. On shipment, the coffee beans require a commercial invoice, a shipper’s export declaration, and a packing list. Additional required documents are material-safety data sheets, ocean bill of lading, and certificate of origin. Good customer service involves; enquiring import requirements for coffee beans from consumers and sending the customer accurate documents before arrival of the coffee beans at the port (Kafiris, 2010). To become an exporter, we will need knowledge and skills to be successful. These are harmonization code knowledge for classification of the coffee beans for SED, fundamental understanding on the working of ocean freight, know dialing codes for faxes and phone calls, know global geography like major ports, and selection of appropriate incoterms (Kafiris, 2010). For export payments, there are four methods of payment with different risk levels. The highest risk method is open terms where the coffee beans will be shipped in good faith that payment will be made. Pre-payment has the lowest risk for the exporter, but high risks for importers as the customer pays before shipping. Time and sight drafts are similar to cash on delivery with moderate protection to the exporter. Goods are shipped without pre-payment b ut are released only after payment. Letters of credit refer to financial contracts that involve mediation by a bank in the transfer and payment of the coffee beans. It is the safest mode of payment for exporters, although one should seek training in this method to avoid fee discrepancy and fraud (Kafiris, 2010). Imports of coffee beans from Vietnam to the United States have gone up by 70% in the last decade with coffee consumption in Vietnam going up by a similar percentage (International Trade Program 2008). The demand for coffee beans has gone above market clearing level with crop yield and market price being at an all time high. The additional use of independent specialty roasters has acted as an indicator of coffee’s increased demand. Our company will target the specialty roaster market. Discerning customers insist on coffee beans of the highest quality and furnish the gourmet coffee market that is growing and represented by large US companies including Starbucks, as well as other thousands of small scale specialty roasters. Specialty roasters are also willing to pay more for Arabica beans that our company will deal in. They attempt to distinguish their companies through the characteristics of the coffee beans that they utilize, such as growing location, methods of farming, and bean size (International T

Definition of Budget Essay Example for Free

Definition of Budget Essay It is an estimation of the revenue and expenses over a specified future period of time. It can help to create a system when someone wants to open a shop or start investments. A budget can be made for a person, family, group of people, business, government or anything else that makes and speaks money. It can also help to establish a planned level of expenditures and it can help to maintain a budget for a company either on an accrual or a cash basis. Structured planning can make all the difference to the growth of the business, it will enable businesses to concentrate resources on improving profits, reducing cost and increasing returns on investment. Relationship Between Budgeting Management of Business When a budget is done properly, it can serve as a planning and controlling system. The company’s data, goal, performance objectives are documented in financial terms. It can help to see whether the company is profiting or not profiting. These budgeting are used throughout the year, monthly performance reports compare budgeted results with actual results. The role that effective budgeting plays in the management of business, is best understood when it is related to the fundamentals of management. Planning is essential in the management of a business. Management has certain variables that it can control. Goals are the annual planning process for every company. These goals can be termed as profit, return on investment, product leadership, market share, product diversification, or simply survival. It helps an organization set a level for clients. Advantages Of Budgeting The major strength of budgeting is that it coordinates activities across departments. It can help to calculate the amount of money needed for the month or year. Budget translates strategic plans into action. They specify the resources, revenues and activities required to carry out the strategic plan for the coming year. Budget provides and excellent record of organizational activities. It also helps to improve communication between employees. It can help with profitability review as a properly structured budget points out which aspects of a business generate cash and which ones to use. Cash allocations can be used when there is a limit to the amount of cash available to invest in fixed assets and working capital, and the budgeting process forces management to decide which assets are most worth investing in. Also, large investors may want a benchmark against which they can measure the company’s progress. Even if a company chooses not to lend much credence to its own budget, it may still be valuable to construct a conservative budget to share with investors. The same argument holds true for lenders, who may want to see a budget versus actual results comparison from time to time. Disadvantages Of Budgeting There may be inaccuracy during budgeting as it is based on assumptions based on a set of assumptions that are generally not too far distant from the operating conditions under which it was formulated. If the business environment changes to any significant degree, then the company’s revenues or cost structure may change so radically that actual results will rapidly depart from the expectations delineated in the budget. It can also be very time-consuming to create a budget, especially in a poorly-organized environment where many iterations of the budget may be required. The time involved is lower if there is a well-designed budgeting procedure in place, employees are accustomed to the process, and most of the company uses budgeting software now. The budget may prescribe that certain amounts of overhead costs be allocated to various departments, and the managers of those departments may take issue with the allocation methods used. This is a particular problem when departments are not allowed to substitute services provided from within the company for lower-cost services that are available else where. Limitations Of Budgeting Large investors may want a benchmark against which they can measure the company’s progress. Even if a company chooses not to lend much credence to its own budget, it may still be valuable to construct a conservative budget to share with investors. The same argument holds true for lenders, who may want to see a budget versus actual results comparison from time to time. Budgeting is a time consuming and costly job. The development of a budget includes many repetitive steps before the budget is finally approved. This process requires lots of negotiations between managers at different levels until a budget evolves which is acceptable to all levels (langfield smith , thorne hilton 2006). Budgets can also cause a great deal of waste and behaviourable problems. Hope and Fraser (1999) cite Jack Welch, from General Electric as claiming that making a budget is and exercise in minimalisation â€Å"you are always getting the lowest out of people, because everyone is negotiating to get t he lowest number.† People’s main goal is to meet the budgets, so they always try to negotiate to get lower targets with lower sales and higher costs, which are well-known as padding the budgets. Conclusion I disagree on having too much even thought budgeting is a major activity. While it has some useful functions for businesses and organisations, it does have many limitations. Budgets consume substantial level of time and resources, but provide little credible and useful information. They add little value but encourage dysfunctional and wasteful behaviours as well as de-motivate employees.

Qatar Airways Steps To Sustainability Environmental Sciences Essay

Qatar Airways Steps To Sustainability Environmental Sciences Essay Qatar Airways established in 1993 and started its operation in 20/01/1994. They have been awarded the worlds 5-star airline by SkyTrax. With numerous awards that have been awarded to them, they commit to give the best quality service to passenger both on air and ground. Qatar is one of the fastest growing airlines with more than 90 groups of aircraft to 100 destinations from Doha. Mission, Vision, goal: The companys mission, vision and goal: Excellence in everything we do. To be the worlds leading global carrier in the service industries and hospitality. Their goal is to be one of the worlds top high-ranking airlines in the world. A well written mission, gradually introduce the sense of direction towards the achievement of the companys to the staff and stakeholders. The corporate mission should clearly define the companys strategic aims. The market will have the influences on the corporate mission such as: an organization should adapt to both of its internal and the opportunities and threats in its external characteristics. The mission stated by Qatar Airways which focus on the companys competencies that generate value for its customers and stakeholders and have competitive advantage to provide synergy across its services or products. Aviation industries are subjected to harm the environment by the emissions of poisonous fumes such as carbon produced by the fuel to generate the airplane engine. Airplane uses specialized fuel to fly the plane. It is often contains additives to minimize the hazard conditions to suit weather, temperature (example: Snow) and to withstand pressure from explosion. Flight Statistics: Based on Year 2009 This statistics shows the summary of total aircraft, both commercial and cargo carriers. We will then find out the approximate amount of carbon emitted from these carriers. Carbon Emissions from transport: Land, Air, Sea (2007-2008) An estimation of 3.4 % of the global liquid consumption is used by commercial aviation. This industry consumes 3.0 million barrels of jet fuel every day. With the increase of new aircrafts of 21,400 units, fuel consumption will increase drastically, not considering a future fleet of 27, 5720 passenger aircrafts and 4,280 freight aircrafts. It is imperative to use a cleaner fuel to curb down CO2 emissions. Graph: Global Warming: Climate change is a threat and should not be taken lightly. Businesses may be disrupted, due to climate change. Organizations should focus on possible threats and risks pertaining to the climate change such as: change in weather, fines and taxes from regulatory bodies and the stakeholders opinion will be affect the business flows. Companies should come up with well strategic plan that highlights threats and convert risks into potential business opportunity that will allow them to survive in the coming storm. Bad Weather Ahead: Businesses that cater to tourists faced major challenge and worries when occurrences of bad weather conditions like storms, hailstones could damage the aircraft and very risky to fly the plane. Companys deals with air transport for both commercial and air freight are mostly affected. Their assets are dependent on the climate; they need to find ways to control the risks. Climate of Public Opinion: Companies have to earn public trusts by announcing their intention on reducing the carbon emission that they produce. Companies that announcing publicly to go green will receive attractive dividends as the intensity and level of public interest increase to deal with the climate change. Shareholders need to focus and self-remind about the effects of the climate change will leave an impact to the business through various aspects such as: companies business strategies, assets values and investments. In order to have a long-term approach to manage the effects of the change of climate is to have the best representatives that have the extensive knowledge to represent the companies in creating advantages to the business. Greenhouse Effects: Explanations of Stakeholders: relating to CSR Stakeholders: QATAR: Alternative Fuels Oryx Logo Qatar uses sustainable biofuels that contains gas to liquids kerosene. Collaborations with Shell, Qatar Petroleum, Rolls Royce, Qatar Science and technology Park, Airbus and Woqod to provide cleaner fuel to reduce the impact on the earth. First airline implement the fuel efficiency program in 2007. Qatar find ways to minimize their aircraft routines such as: efficient flight routes, aircraft weight reduction, various procedures of landing and taking off etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ in order to reduce the consumption of fuels and carbons emitted. Qatar will be able to meet the requirements of European Union Emissions Trading Scheme which focus on reducing carbon emissions. Qatar aims to provide sustainable place for the future generations. Sustainable Aviation Users Group on developing sustainable fuel: To be eligible for membership, group members must subscribe to sustainability criteria that stipulate the following: Plant growth, harvesting, processing, and end-use which emit total lifecycle greenhouse gases should be minimized and controlled significantly as compared to jet fuels based from fossil fuels. Development projects should include providing and improving the socio-economic conditions for small scale farmers who rely on agriculture for survivability of their families and themselves and that do not require the involuntary displacement of local populations. The natural environment such as high conservation value areas and native eco-systems should be maintained and not be cleared and converted for jet fuel plant source development. Video Presentation: Aviation Environment Summit, 2010 (Click to see: Video attached) Paul Steele, Executive Director of the Air Transport Action Group, presents aviation industries towards reducing carbon emissions. This presentation was held at Aviation Environment Summit, 2010, in Geneva, Switzerland. In this video, it states the mission, vision and objectives of the aviation industries in terms of reducing the carbon emissions that the industries produce. There are several analyses that show their forecasts on achieving towards the sustainable fuels. In the 3rd Aviation summit, the presentation shows ways to commit to deal with the climate change. The current presentation on 2010 shows clear layout to reach the targeted goals. In the video it also includes carbon emissions statistics, what the industries targets the next 40 years and etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The global targets in 2010 to increase 1.5% of fuel efficiency per annum and to grow carbon neutral in 2050, for year 2020, to develop and grow the industries and 2050 the maximum target of 50% reduction of carbon emissions based on 2005. Every role in the aviation industries, are very important and crucial as they should work towards reaching the goals in growing the carbon neutral in terms of developing technology and sustainable fuels. Reasons to why organizations should go green: One of the major reasons to why companys going green is to promote responsibility and be a good citizen. This could gain the trusts of the regulatory bodies, communities and other internal and external stakeholders. Companys main business activities that incorporated with the environment will tend to gain by increase in market shares. Caring for the environment will reduce and prevent pollution, focusing on the 3R Reduce, Reuse and Recycle waste materials. By instilling Go Green values in the company, it will help to attract potential customers with similar values which will lead in creating good community relationships and to raise the chances for business to grow. The major challenged that businesses faced in this 21st century: climate constantly change, pollution, depletion of natural resources, poverty and inequality. Environmental Impacts and Values: Environmental Impacts: Organizations are emphasizing that they should go green and start caring for the earth. They chose to be greener as they truly understand the harm that they caused to the environment. Trying their very best to stop producing products that could actually harm the environment like: cancer-causing substances or pollute the natural habitats of the living things. Environmental Values: These groups of Organizations go green as they believed that they should not harm the environment and to protect the living things as they deserve the every rights to live and grow. The companies might also decide to stop their production from producing harmful products that might affect their employees, customers and the end users. Government Regulations: Government might come up with rule and regulations to stop organizations to further destroy the environment. Companies that go green will have the advantages of avoiding the penalties that might be imposed to those who against them. Increase in market share and profits could lead them towards a start on developing greener technology that might be fully sponsor or subsidize. Fines or lost in market share might be the result in not being part of it. Economic Opportunities and Disincentives: Some Organizations go green because they wanted to portray a good image for their stakeholders and gain competitive advantage in promoting their new green products. Being green can also avoid the financial issues: fines, penalties that impose to the company. Advantage/ Disadvantage: There are several advantages to companies going green. For an example: those companies that focus on being green will benefits from the advantages given such as, they may be able to meet the demands of the consumer that are very particular on buying a product that is not harmful to the environment. Companies can gain reputations by being a brand image for producing green products and reduce their liability risks by using environmental friendly products during the production and be responsible towards the environment in their business practices. Companies will increase their chances for getting investments from financial institutions if they are one of the companies that are listed under Socially responsible investing. Stakeholders will be more interested in involving themselves in a company that are ethical in running their businesses. Businesses that combined their environmental issues and business activities together tend to gain more market share, save their production costs through resource efficiency, prevent pollution, pay lower insurance premiums, and recycle and reuse waste materials. Retaining the staff similar values by having high workplace standards and engendering loyalty, maintaining a strong competitive edge, creating good community relations and can develop new business relationships with others that also go green like: suppliers, distributor , partnerships. Companies that did not practices environmental issues to their business activities, they might lose out lists of advantages. Companies might lose their stakeholders trust and loyalty; ruin their own reputation, degrade the health of their own staff and also substantial amount for the penalties. Both the benefits of going green and bring harm to the environment have to observe the rules imposed respectively such as Positive incentives and negatives incentives. Major Challenge to sustainability: Pollution Depletion Poverty Developed Economies Greenhouse gases Use of toxic materials Contaminated Sites Scarcity of materials Insufficient reuse and recycling Urban and minority unemployment Emerging Economies Industrial Emissions Contaminated Water Lack of sewage treatment Overexploitation of renewable resources Overuse of water for irrigation and other purposes Migration to cities Lack of skilled workers Income inequality Survival Economies Dung and wood burning Lack of sanitation Ecosystem destruction due to development Deforestation Overgrazing Soil loss Population growth Low status of women dislocation

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Telecommunication Information Technology Essay

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Telecommunication Information Technology Essay Currently technologies develop very fast, making it hard for people to keep up with them. The development of these technologies causes changes in all aspects of life. Regarding professional life, new technologies influence the way of working. Telecommuting is a new way of working, which makes use of those new technologies, in which high speed internet is most important. Telecommuting or telework is a way of working in which an employee is able to stay at home and work on his or her own computer instead of having to go to an office. For the sake of cost reduction and global environment improvement, telecommuting is heavily recommended by lots of organizations. Telecommuting is a new way of working that is presented to be a environmentally cleaner, cheaper and more flexible way of working. However, could telecommuting be only positive for the employee and his or her employer? There might be some disadvantages concerning this new way of working. This paper gives an insight in the advant ages and disadvantages of telecommuting, both for employees and employers. First, telecommuting is described more thoroughly, followed by the advantages and disadvantages of telecommuting. Gap: many articles write about the advantages and disadvantages of telecommuting, though there are contradictions between them, in this paper is tried to give views from different angles, in order to create a better overview is the advantages and disadvantages of telecommuting. What is telecommuting? Telecommuting, also known as e-commuting or e-work, is the term used when individuals take advantage of the many technological advances to work from anywhere they desire, giving themselves flexibility in their hours and work locations (Helsin, 2007). Furthermore, it is important to note that telecommuting should be approved by the employer whereas telecommuting is a topic of which opinions differ. Not every organization allows its employees to work at their home instead of at the actual office. Telecommuting seems to be mainly driven by a change in management attitudes, improvements in technology, savings in office costs and the demand from the staff (Haynes, 2000). While saving costs is an aspect which counts for every organization, the choice to use teleworking seems to depend on the demand from staff and management. An exhibit by Harpaz (2002) displays that the biggest countries in telecommuting in 2002 were the USA (27%), Sweden (15%), The Netherlands (14%) and Finland (17%). The reason for such a high rate of telecommuters in the USA could be the size of the country, as the long distances make staying at home a good alternative. Counties like Sweden, The Netherlands and Finland are Europeans best developed countries regarding ICT facilities, which are needed for telecommuting. Telecommuting seems to be adapted quite a lot, for sure in countries in which the driving aspects of telecommuting are present. Advantages of telecommuting Flexibility in work locations and time In the majority of the current households, both partners have a fulltime job. It is hard for two people who both have a fulltime job to balance their professional and private life, especially while they have children. A common occurrence is young children staying at a day-care from 7.00 AM until 6.00 PM. As soon as they have finished their dinner, they already need to go to bed. In order to see each other more frequently, so to balance the combination of a private and professional life, telecommuting is a useful way of working. While conducting telecommuting, one gets more autonomy on his or her distribution of time. This rise of flexibility gives telecommuters the possibility to pick up the kids after school, instead of leaving them at a day-care, or, in case of no kids, to let the dog out. Despite of the advantage for the employee to be able to be more flexible in his or her work, for the employer it is hard to check what the employee is actually doing while he or she is not at the office. A change in management attitude is crucial for telecommuting to become successful in an organization (Haynes, 2000). DISADVANTAGEEMPLOYER Self-discipline: work according to self-imposed schedule; not enough/ addicted to work(because of irregular working times) Reduction of travelling costs and time An important problem which is to be solved by telecommuting is the cost and waste of time due to travelling to and from the office. Working at home eliminates the expensive fuel costs and the time one would lose by having to drive to his or her office. Another advantage is that while more people work from home, less traffic jams would occur. Not only these direct benefits like saving time and costs are important, not having to drive to work means there would be less frustrations in traffic and one is able to sleep longer. The employee will probably become more satisfied, which will have a positive influence on the motivation and productivity. So telecommuting has very positive effects on employees regarding the travelling costs and time. Professional flexibility By conducting telecommuting, a person is no longer attached to his or her physical office, so the combination of two jobs could be more likely. Though, for lots of people having two jobs would be too time expensive. While people do not longer feel as connected to their job as they used to when they were physically present at the office, job-hopping becomes more likely. People tend to have the strong desire to have more control over their own careers. Because they feel less connected to an organization when they telecommute, they feel more free to quit and find another job. This development is not only an advantage for the employee, it could be an advantage for an employer as well. Employers could make use of those frequently switching employees by temporarily hiring them when they are needed for a project and by dismissing them as soon as they are no longer needed or when they do not work as good as is required. On the other hand, this development could become a disadvantage for orga nizations as employees could tend to switch jobs that frequently, that it becomes hard for organizations to manage their human resources. Thus professional flexibility as a result of telecommuting could be an advantage for employees as they will be able to combine two jobs or to make use of job-hopping. Reduces office size The use of telecommuting could result in lower costs in organizations. While organizations always target on saving costs, current economic difficulties will make organizations even more aware of saving costs. Organizations are not only able to reduce costs because of the earlier mentioned travel costs which will be saved, but also because the offices could become smaller. Organizations used to need to facilitate at least one desk with a computer for each employee, because of a part of the staff is staying at home, the office size can be reduced. This will save money, not only for the less square meters over which a company needs to pay rent, but also because there will be lower electricity costs. Thus, next to the reduction of travel costs, telecommuting can result in lower costs because of the smaller size of an office that is needed. Increasing health The effects of telecommuting on the employees health are doubtful. It is hard find whether they could be allocated to the section of advantages or to the disadvantages. Earlier described advantages state that the fact that an employee could become more flexible in working times, could make them more satisfied. On the other hand, an employee who works at home seems to need to make sure there is a good balance between private and professional life in order to avoid a burn-out (Peters, 2010). In order to create this balance, an employee needs to have the adequate facilities at home, which contain a decent working place with access to new technologies. Also, the employee would need to have a place where he or she could get some distraction from work occasionally. So in order to work from home, while taking care of its health, an employee should be able to create a balance between private and professional life and make sure there are adequate facilities. Disadvantages of telecommuting Isolation A crucial difference between working at home and working at an office is the presence of colleagues. The fact that someone works all alone throughout a day, could affect its performance. Although it does not count for all people, many people seem to need to have the feeling of belonging to a team (Harpaz, 2002). This psychological aspect of being separated from the office environment which contains colleagues, new developments and occurrences is for many people very important. Those people like to interact with colleagues and to share what they are doing. So although people seem to feel better when they stay at home, because they are able to see their partner and children more frequently, the lack of having colleagues around could affect the quality of their work in a negative way. Other disadvantages of working at home are that some people would like to be seen and others would like to have responsibilities at the office (Novay, 2011). Security risks The fact that an employee works at home, means that important documents with information need to be accessible from home. For an organization this gives the risk that confidential documents could be stolen from the desk at the employees home or his or her car. Most employees live in a surrounding which is less secured than the actual office. As soon as an employee is about to work at home, his or her manager will not be able to check where those important documents might be (Sturgeon, 1996). Again, for an organization it is important to trust employees, otherwise telecommuting will not work properly. Documents could be divided in physical documents and electronic documents. For organizations it could be hard to secure the physical documents, however the electronic documents could be secured a little better. By providing employees a laptop, on which they can work at home, with the best security software, the chances of spyware might be reduces. Still the employee needs to preserve the laptop on a secure location, in order to make sure the laptop itself will not be stolen. Depending on the measures both employers and employees take, the security of information could be reduced, however the problems with the security of information will remain to be a big disadvantage of telecommuting. Conclusion There have been a lot of articles written about the advantages and disadvantages, however it has been showed that the arguments given in those articles differ in some parts. This paper states the most important advantages and disadvantages given in those articles. It is generally believed that telecommuting is an important new trend in professional life, because of its many advantages. In short, flexibility in work locations and time, reduction of travelling costs and time, professional flexibility, reduces the office sixe and the increase of health seem to be the most important advantages. Though, there are also disadvantages of telecommuting: isolation and security risks. On this basis, it may be concluded that the phenomenon telecommuting has some disadvantages alongside of the advantages. While in this paper it shows only two disadvantages towards five advantages, this does not indicate that those five advantages weigh heavier than the two disadvantages. I think that an organizat ion could only have its employees to telecommute while keeping both advantages and disadvantages in mind, because there are two sides. The employees themselves should consider both sides as well. Given this, it could be said that for many people it is interesting to make use of telecommunication. It might be very useful to be able to work during a time schedule that works best for someones home situation and also for his or her career. Whether telecommunicating is good for someones health is not certain and seems to depend on each person individually, there are people who cope better with the autonomy they get in dividing their time in personal and professional moments. Telecommuting seems to be a good way to combine the extreme busy life people currently tend to have, the environmental issues everyone wants to improve and . Assuming that the techniques will improve during the coming years, telecommuting could probably only get easier to apply. Regarding the advantages and disadvant ages, it would probably be hard to choose for a professional life in which telecommuting would be applied throughout the entire week. I think that telecommuting is useful, but only if it would be used during one or two days a week, in order to keep away isolation risks and to make sure that employees keep up with news on the office floor. Telecommuting is useful for both employees and employers, though too much use of telecommuting could cause risks.

Canturberry Tales - The Nuns Priests Tale Essay -- Nun’s Priest’s T

Canturberry Tales  Ã‚  - The Nun's Priest's Tale  Ã‚  Ã‚   This is a charming little fable cleverly disguised as a barnyard story.   In the first twenty-six lines, the setting of the story is described as a small farm, belonging to a very plain widow and her two daughters.   The widow is a simple woman of good heath, who has managed to make it despite her unfortunate circumstance of being slightly impoverished.   In lines twenty-seven through forty-four we are introduced to the story's main character, Chanticleer.   He was in fact an exceptional rooster who was blessed with an equally exceptional crow.   In lines forty-five through fifty-nine we learn that Chanticleer is the master of his domain.   However, as we read on it is found that the key to his heart belongs to the Lady Pertelote, indirectly characterized as the perfect woman.   The next two lines are a dead give away that the story is in fact, a fable, lending onomatopoetic devises to the barnyard members.   Line sixty-two finally brings us to the actual story.   One morning right before dawn, Chanticleer awoke in sheer terror.   Of course Lady Pertelote was considerably concerned, and questioned her true love as to what the problem was.   Chanticleer goes on to describe a very vivid, very disturbing dream.   In fact it was a premonition of his own untimely death.   Upon hearing the cause of Chanticleer's fright, Lady Pertelote becomes slightly upset.   Actually she downright enraged.   How, she wondered, could such an amazing animal be scarred of one little dream, especially since it was most likely caused by something he ate.   Basically, she told him he was a big cowar... ...indeed going to eat him, he'd better do it before the lynch mob caught him.   The fox readily agrees and as he is about to swallow Chanticleer, the clever little bird flies to the sanctuary of a nearby tree.   At the thought of loosing his meal, the fox tries in vain to trick Chanticleer again by suggesting he was merely excited at the prospect of hearing his wonderful voice, and accidentally grabbed him too hard.   Fortunately, our hero has learned his lesson, and is not to be deceived so easily ever again.   There is more than one lesson to be learned from Chanticleer's story.   One theory being that one should trust one's own intuition and let it be their guide.   Another lesson learned is that you should never let your pride interfere with your judgement.   So ends the first story of Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales.  Ã‚  

Producing Carbon Dioxide from a Metal Carbonate :: Science Thermal Decomposition Essays

Producing Carbon Dioxide from a Metal Carbonate Metal Carbonate Metal Oxide + Carbon Dioxide Thermal decomposition ‘is when a substance breaks down into simpler substances when heated, often with the help of a catalyst. It’s different from a reaction because there’s only one substance to start with’. I came across this information in the EDEXCEL Modular Science revision guidebook 1. Thermal decomposition is the breakdown of a substance using thermal energy, this is not a reaction. Preliminary experiment Limewater and copper carbonate were used to see if a metal carbonate beaks down to produce carbon dioxide. This is what the experiment looked like: The equation for this: CaCo3(s) CuO(s) + Co2 (g) This experiment was to see if carbon dioxide was produced from a metal carbonate. In this case copper carbonate was used. Two test tubes were linked together by a rubber tube, which had a glass pipe coming out of the cork that prevented any of the carbon dioxide or any other gas from escaping. As you can see from the diagram in one tube there was limewater that was to test for the carbon dioxide, and in the other was copper carbonate. If there were carbon dioxide present, the limewater would turn cloudy (white in colour). When I was observing what happened I could see that there was carbon dioxide present because the limewater turned cloudy. Secondary Experiment This experiment was to compare the rates of decomposition of several metal carbonates. Several metal carbonates were placed in a test tube and linked to a syringe that measured the amount of carbon dioxide gas when the metal carbonates were heated. This experiment is to see how fast metal carbonates will break down to produce carbon dioxide. The reason they break don’t break down at the same time is because more reactive ones don’t want to break up. So the longer it holds onto its carbonate the more reactive the metal is. In this experiment there are a few factors that can affect the results of the experiment. These factors can make the results of the experiment be incorrect. The factors that can affect the experiment are: 1 Water 2 Amounts of powder 3 Distance the flame is away from the metal carbonate Water can affect the results because it can get into the powder, which can speed up a reaction. If different amounts of the substance are used, then the results can be affected because the more amount of powder there is, the more carbon dioxide will be produced. Plan In this experiment I plan to use 1/500 of a mole. This is because if anything greater is used then the amount is too great and the results

Filmmaking :: essays research papers

The Film about Filmmaking Truffaut's irresistibly charming "film about filmmaking" is an enormously affectionate homage to cinema, as well as a portrayal of the joy and anguish of filmmaking. The framing film Day for Night tells the story of a director; Ferrand (Truffaut) and his crew shooting a romantic family melodrama entitled Meet Pamela at the Studio Victorine in Nice. As the shooting proceeds, the personal crises of the crewmembers engulf the professional sphere of their lives, and threaten the smooth progress of the filming: one of the leading actresses, Sà ©verine (Valentina Cortese), is anguished by her son's terminal illness and unable to remember her lines because of her alcoholism; Stacey (Alexandra Stewart) is three-months pregnant and refuses to shoot a swimming scene in a bathing suit; Alphonse (Jean-Pierre Là ©aud) seeks feminine/maternal affection and lingers over the same question: "Are women magic?" Ferrand realizes that films are more harmonious than life: there are "no traffic jams or no dead waits," and people like them are happy only in their work of making films. Despite a series of difficulties and the accidental death of Alexandre (played by Jean-Pierre Aumont) in a car crash, the crew manages to complete the filming and then disperse to future destinations. From the outset Day for Night is full of Truffaut's nostalgia for cinema of the past. A title sequence accompanied by orchestral music gradually turns into a melancholic accordion tune; a still of Dorothy and Lillian Gish with subtitle announces that the film is dedicated to these legendary stars of the silent screen. The spectator is then led to a square seemingly in Paris, a rather chic landscape dotted with a metro station, a fashionable cafà ©, stoned buildings, the sound of busy traffic and pedestrians. A young man (Jean-Pierre Là ©aud) with a solemn expression on his face appears from the metro station and walks towards an elderly man. After a while the young male slaps the latter on his face. As soon as an immense tension occurs we hear the voice "Cut" and the camera tracks back to reveal that it was a shooting of a film. The camera pulls back further and we see the film crew, a television presenter and her crew. The television crew interviews the actors and they p rovide us with a synopsis of the film they are shooting: Meet Pamela is the story of a tragic affair of an adulterous couple.

Organizational Ethics Issue Resolution Paper Essay

This paper aims to describe an ethical issue and apply it to six ethical decision making steps namely issue clarification, stakeholder analysis, values identification, issue resolution, addressing objections and resolution implementation. Main Body The ethical issue that will be discussed is giving out unacceptable levels of air and water pollution during the production process by an organization’s factories. In order to effectively resolve the issue, the organization needs to change its production processes so that its social cost is not that high and at the same time the organization will profit from it. Issue Clarification The first step in resolution of organizational ethics issue is to properly defining the problem in detail and discussing it with all the related members of the organization. The definition must be clear, specific and based on the best available information. Then all the people who are getting affected by this issue must be identified. Once this is done, the consequences of this issue must be discussed in detail. Another very important matter that must be dealt with is information needs. This will help the organization understand the nature of the issue at hand. Lastly, the importance of solving this issue must be evaluated so that it can be given a priority. (Michigan State University Extension, 1994) In our case, the issue at hand is pollution. The company’s factories give out a lot of smoke in the atmosphere and also the rivers and canals around the factories are being contaminated by the dumping of chemical waste in them. Because of the rising problem of global warming, air pollution is an issue of great concern. The water from the rivers and canals around the factory is not usable any more. The dumping of chemical waste in the river waters has resulted in no clean water for the housing societies in the locality. After seeing all this, a lot of Non Government Organizations have suggested measures that will reduce the pollution that is given out. In addition to this, the government is also planning on imposing laws that will limit the amount of pollution that is given out. Organizations that give out pollution above the acceptable level will be heavily taxed. Those involved and who are affected include the people of the neighborhood, environmentalist, government and the society as a whole. Stakeholder Analysis Stakeholder Analysis is a process in which the Stakeholders are defined and their importance in the whole decision making process is evaluated. Stakeholders are all those groups that will affect and get affected by an organization’s decisions. Examples include government, community, employees, shareholders etc. In order to resolve organizational ethics issue effectively, it is absolutely essential for an organization to win support from these groups. There are four steps to how this procedure must be carried out. First of all, your stakeholders must be identified. Secondly, you will prioritize them and next the organization will attempt to understand their most important stakeholders (MindTools, 2008). Lastly, all the support that we can get from these stakeholders will be assessed and ways to reduce opposition from some of them will also be considered. The stakeholders involved in our case will be the public, senior executives, press, government and non-government organizations, customers, prospective customers, and lastly trade unions. This list is prioritized, the first one being the most important. They are prioritized according to the amount of interest and power they have on the organization. The stakeholders with high levels of power and interest must be managed closely and be kept satisfied. All these groups are affected by the organization’s decisions and they also have influence over these. The organization will also get support from all these stakeholders. Public will be supportive because decrease in pollution will directly benefit them. Senior executive will also supportive because through press, the company’s brand image will improve and because of this, the customers and potential customers will go for the company’s products. Lastly, we will try to understand these stakeholders and how they feel about the decision and the ethical issue. This can be done with the help of interviews and other means of communication. This understanding will help in more accurately prioritizing the stakeholders. Values identification The third step in the decision making process would be identification of the organizational values. Every organization has its own values. These values set standards according to which every individual in the organization must behave. If these standards are not set, everyone will behave according to their individual values which will disrupt the workplace’s environment. Therefore, it is essential to identify and understand the importance of these values. These values could include honesty, professionalism, teamwork, etc. These values differentiate between the right from wrong, therefore only once we have identified these values, we will be able to resolve organizational ethics issues. (National Defense University, 2006) These values will help us decide whether the issue unethical or not and if the actions of the organization are against the organization’s moral values. In our hypothetical situation, the organization will come together in order to identify its organizational values. The possible values that could be identified would be responsibility, accountability, and professionalism. The organization must realize its responsibility towards the society, be accountable for its actions and lastly be professional in the way they handle the issue at hand. Spreading of pollution by the organizations factories is unethical because it is against its ethical values. Issue resolution This includes compiling everything discussed in the first three steps to come up with a resolution which will resolve the issue. It will include a detailed solution which will cover all the aspects of the ethical issue. This is the most important step in the whole decision making process because this step outlines the complete strategic plan of the organization. After considering the issue, stakeholders and the moral values of the company, the next step is coming up with a resolution. The organization must firstly change its production process so that the pollution it is giving out can be limited. This will require a lot of capital. The Organization at this stage must decide on how this capital will raised. Also, another way of the getting rid of chemical waste that is dumped in rivers must be employed. Next, the organization should ensure that greener products are produced and recycled material should be used for packaging. It should involve the press, so that the community will know about this operation of the organization. Addressing objections The next step in decision making is one of the most difficult to handle as it involves understanding others. This step includes efficiently, powerfully, professionally and competently addressing objections to the decision or the resolution the organization has come up with. There are various groups that might object to this decision. It is the goal of the decision-makers to carefully listen and understand these objections and then addressing to them appropriately. This step is not over until the ones objecting are satisfied with the justification given to them. In our case, one important group that might object to this decision would be the senior executives or the investors who will have to provide for this new project. They might object because the capital required for this new project would be very high and they would want to be satisfied before they invest. These groups need to be assured that this project might cost a lot to the company, but in the long term, it will not only benefit the society but will also benefit the organization itself. Decreasing pollution will improve the brand image of the company which might increase its market share. Plus, in future, when the government will impose laws and taxes on giving out of pollution, the organization will benefit as they will be able to avoid it. They must be given confidence in their investment. Resolution implementation After all the five steps, one very important step is resolution implementation. The decision must be implemented in order for it to be effective. The organization officials can do so by arranging a meeting that will involve everyone working for the organization. Especially, those who are new to the organization must attend these. In this meeting, the resolution must be discussed with everyone in the organization. They must be told the drill and how the organization plans on tackling the situation. At this stage, suggestions from everyone from the organizations would be welcomed as these might help the organization to come up with a better decision. Along with this, the importance of it must be emphasized. It must be made clear that it is important to follow these guidelines at all times, otherwise serious measures will be taken against those who breech it. Finally, workers must be monitored and supervised to know if the ethical standards are being met. At the same times, the effectiveness of the measures introduced must also be checked. The workers could be given feedback on how they are doing keeping up with it, good or bad. They must be appreciated and a reward system must be developed if they manage to follow them. This will motivate them to follow the instructions without supervision in future. An ethics performance evaluation should be developed. This will look at how the organization has behaved. This would enable the organization to examine whether its actions and decisions are consistent with its purpose and moral values. (Miriam Schulman, 2008) Also training must be giving if it is required. Conclusion The new policy will definitely have a positive effect on the organization. It gives a good impression of the organization where ethics and values are of the utmost importance. It gives employees the impression that the organization is serious about meeting ethical standards. This promotes values amongst them. However, on the other hand, it may cause dissent. It could be too hard to follow. This could lead to the workers being discouraged to perform even basic work. The reactions of the employees should be positive but it could be anything depending on the code. After all the discussion, the importance for an organization to meet ethical standards is very clear. Therefore, the organization must do all it takes to meet these standards before they make a decision. During decision making, an organization will greatly benefit if it follows a systematic procedure to develop these ethical standards by following the steps given above.

Writing Assignment

Thomas Friedman's perspectives on the topic of Mooch and their ability to deliver writing instruction online. The second option is to write an essay in which you take the role of Karen Head and respond to Thomas Friedman and David Brooks on the topic of Mooch and their ability to deliver writing instruction online. The third option is to write a comparison-contrast essay on Neil Postman and Thomas Friedman's viewpoints on the topic of Mooch and their ability to deliver writing instruction online.The fourth option is to write n essay in which you take the role of Neil Postman and respond to Thomas Friedman and David Brooks on the topic of Mooch and their ability to deliver writing instruction online. The fifth option is to write an essay in which you take the role of Kate Keeper and respond to Thomas Friedman and David Brooks on the topic of online writing instruction in general and on whether Mooch are able to deliver writing instruction online. The sixth option is to write a compari son-contrast essay on the ideas of parenting of Amy Chug and of Hanna Rosin.This option does not involve analyzing Mooch or online education at all. It might be a nice option if you do not prefer to write on the topic of Mooch or online education. Please consult http:info. Mums. Decorticating/WRITING_SASS/ wall _WRITING _ SASS_options-?HTML for more details, including the essays and articles you should write about. Grading Rubric: Introduction and thesis: Topic is introduced in an engaging way and essay has a clear and effective thesis statement. (1 0 points) Body content: Essay supports the thesis statement with strong, well-reasoned support. (30 points) Writing Assignment Elena Crossovers paper is on ethnic and gender differences, she enforces that â€Å"SIAM-Kim and his peers (Jenny, Meaning, and Jack) occupy a central focus of the narrative† (5), in line with the development that children in Choky's novel are most audacious in terms of defying racial confines. Cherokee provides insight to these impassible borders when she discusses â€Å"Choosy characters [who] repeatedly try and fail (often with violent uniqueness) to subvert them† (9), using multiple examples of the children characters in the novel.The scenes created by Ways Choc and discussed in Crossovers paper are appreciated for making clear the effort of children to push racial boundaries and limitations seemingly forbidden by their elders. She does this by dissecting the motives of each character, beginning with the tried â€Å"attempts by Chinatown elders to constrain Meaning she appears capable Of subverting boundaries.Though relegated to the home as a nanny for Seeks (the y oungest Chin brother), Meaning strategically escapes this limitation, crossing not just gender but also ethnic borders† (1 0), opening the doors for other girls in the novel, such as Jenny. Cherokee agrees that â€Å"Choc depicts Jenny flirting with the idea of border crossing throughout her youth, stepping briefly across lines and testing limits† (10-11), something elders would not do in All That Matters.

Clean Edge Razor Case

Problem Statement: Paramount has become a market leader in global consumer products; but knows that innovation is vital to continue success. Paramount has used technology to create an innovative razor, but wants to make sure that it is positioned effectively. Situation Analysis: * Customers: Male consumer products have been trending upward in the last decade. The customer segments are broken up into three areas; social/emotional, involved razor users, and uninvolved or maintenance users. Social/emotional are responsible for 39% of Nondisposable razors, Involved is for 28%, and maintenance users account for 33%.In 2009 consumers razors and replacement cartridges at a higher rate than ever before. * Competitors: Competition includes direct competition as well as substitutes for Nondisposable razors. In 2010 the three major players were Paramount, Prince, and Benet & Klein (B&K). Prince mainly focuses on super-premium products. B&K entered the Nondisposable market in 1985. There are als o new entrants which account for the rest of the market. In 2010 Paramount is expected to have a 21. 4% dollar market share. * Company: Paramount is a large consumer products company with $7 billion in gross profit in 2009.The current Nondisposable razor line has products in both the market and value customer segments. The Clean Edge Razor is the first Nondisposable razor produced by Paramount that has a technological innovation. Paramount is relying on the Clean Edge Razor to increase sales and earn more market share in the Nondisposable razor category. * Context: In 2011 the effects of a recession are becoming less drastic than in years before. Customers have more disposable income and companies have more money to spend on investments such as media/advertising and R&D. Collaborators (retailers): In 2009 food stores represented 42% of all razors and cartridges. Other distributors include drug stores, mass merchandisers, club stores, and other distributors. As SKU’s increase, shelf space is increased to accommodate for all of the different products. Distributors are willing to increase shelf space because the margin on razors is high compared to other consumer products. Alternatives: Position the Clean Edge Razor as a niche product for highly involved groomers looking for a superior shaving experience. Pros * Less cannibalization. Social shavers right now aren’t interested in the Pro or Avail razor. Paramount is concerned with the overall profitability of all the razor lines. By positioning the Clean Edge Razor as a niche product, the brand equity of Pro and Avail won’t be as affected as if the Clean Edge Razor was positioned as mainstream. The current customer segment for emotional shavers is 39%. With over 1/3 of the customer segment involved with emotional razor purchases there is a decent sized market that could use the benefits of the Clean Edge Razor. * The net operating profit based on financial analysis is higher than the mainstrea m positioning strategy.There are advantages of positioning the as a niche product. Advantages * One advantage is that customers will be more involved, so they will take the time to research the product. After the consumer investigates the Clean Edge Razor, he will be able to tell that there is a clear advantage and the Clean Edge Razor is the best option. * Another possible advantage could be that Paramount could increase the size of the social/emotional market. Cons * Clean Edge Razor is losing out on potential sales because the market is much smaller. * Another con is the negative brand awareness.Even if Paramount created the greatest razor of all time, the brand wouldn’t become stronger because only people who know about razors would know that Paramount is making technological innovations. Through a niche market Paramount would need to rely on their other razors to remain relevant to the mass market. This could prove to be difficult as other companies continue to come out with new razors. Disadvantages * The investment spent on R&D to create the Clean Edge Razor was substantial; it will take longer to earn back the money spent on developing the Clean Edge Razor.Position the Clean Edge Razor to the Mass Market Pros * More people will be exposed to the product. This will lead to greater sales. This will also improve brand equity. Through this positioning strategy Paramount will have a razor in each segment. * Although not as profitable, this positioning strategy will still make a profit and build brand equity. Advantage * Paramount will be viewed as innovative and keeping up with competition. A company that is stagnant falls behind. Through marketing this razor to everyone, Paramount will be viewed as taking the next step to create the best razor.Currently Paramount isn’t working on any other innovative razors so this technology will have to be available to all different types of customers. Cons * One con is that not everyone will know how the v ibration will help prevent a better shave. There are also a lot of people who don’t need a superior razor; they are content with the razor the way it is. * Another con is that the razor will have to be priced lower than if it were a niche position due to competition. * Money spent on advertising. Based on the pro forma; it would cost roughly $12million more to advertise to the mass market.This is risky if the Clean Edge Razor doesn’t do as well as forecasted. Disadvantage * Cannibalization. Currently Pro and Avail have 22. 2% of the volume of razors sold, the largest of any pair or razors. Introducing a razor in the same market with more features will damage the sales of both the Pro and Avail. * This will also negatively impact the brand power of Paramount when the numbers are revealed and it shows that Pro and Avail are not doing as well as expected. * Based on financials this is the worst strategy to pursue. Recommendation: It is important for Paramount to grow the Clean Edge Razor as well as the Pro and Avail.I recommend that the company position the Clean Edge Razor for one year as a niche position and then position the Clean Edge Razor as a mass-market razor for everyone to use. Pros: * Through using a bit of both positioning strategies Paramount will receive the best of both worlds. One pro is less cannibalization of Pro and Avail in the first two years while consumers are adapting to the Clean Edge Razor. By the time the Clean Edge is positioned as a razor for everyone; the 39% of people who have already been exposed to the Clean Edge will be able to differentiate this razor from the Pro and Avail.The cannibalization after the first two years won’t be as severe because people will have already been exposed to the Clean Edge Razor. * A lower price when the product is positioned differently will lead to a larger share of social shavers. The social shavers that have been paying a premium price will be happy to pay less money. The othe r social shavers that don’t use the Clean Edge will be more likely to use the shaver because the price will be lower; meaning the consequence of the razor not meeting expectations will decrease. The sales will increase dramatically after the second year due to more potential customers. Based on my financial statements the net profit is slightly larger than the niche positioning strategy by itself. * Growing brand equity and positive word of mouth advertising through social shavers telling friends and family Cons: * Regardless of the positioning strategy there will still be some cannibalization. * Social shavers may see the change in positioning as a shift in quality and think that a lower price will equate to a bad razor. * The incremental net profit may be too similar to the niche positioning strategy to risk damaging brand power. Implementation Plan:On January 1, 2011 I will tell production to manufacture the Clean Edge Razor just as if we were pursuing a niche positioning strategy. We will spend the $14 Million dollars in advertising on specialty male health and fitness magazines, television shows, and radio stations. We will also be relevant on social media sites such as Twitter and Facebook. There will be contests with our razors and customers will get the opportunity to spread word-of-mouth about the Clean Edge Razor. Paramount expects to make over $52 million, with most of that coming in the second year because the first year is mainly niche positioning.It is safe to say that $20-$23 million will be made in the first year. During September we will launch a new campaign positioning the razor as the everyday man’s razor with advanced technology. During this time we will also run a smaller ad campaign for the Pro and Avail marketing the razors as reliable and a staple of the razor market. This is why advertising increases overall in the combination strategy. Paramount is expecting cannibalization regardless, but using a mix of both strategies will help offset the large cannibalization from just using the mass marketing strategy.This will benefit Paramount as a company because Clean Edge Razor will be exposed to every customer segment while still trying to maintain the brand power of Pro and Avail. This strategy will benefit the brands as much as possible. Also, the financials in the Appendix support this strategy over the niche and mass marketing positioning strategies. Cannibalization is inevitable; but it is vital that customers from all segments see that Paramount is an innovative company determined to find new ways to benefit their customers. Appendix

Sport: Teacher and Softball

Katelyn Poremski 3-8-13 English 100 Final Draft Softball is not just a Sport Softball is not just a sport to me. Sports can be used to learn life lessons in ways that they help shape attitude, portray passion, develop personality, and teach companionship. â€Å"When life throws you a curve ball† means that when life gives you obstacles to overcome. This is a quote relating to life incorporating baseball or softball in to it, using â€Å"curve ball† as a synonym for obstacles. Softball, along with other sports, is a great way to learn life lessons and is not just a sport.A sport, such as softball, is something that many people can benefit from. All ages, starting at 5 can enjoy the game of softball. We, as humans, benefit from learning, enjoying each others’ company, and overcoming and making progress in the game. These concepts can also be related to everyday life because we do each of these things every day. As people, we also need an outlet for our emotions and hardships that we face; softball can help us with this. Instead of taking out anger on another person, we can take our anger out on slamming the pitch and making a home run out of it.If you look at this from a more meaningful prospective, you can take your anger in life and always come out on top if you handle each situation in a positive and professional way. Softball also teaches people to have passion. I give a lot of recognition to the sport for teaching me to have passion not just in the game, but in life. Softball gave me something to be passionate about and also taught me to continue being passionate about other things such as my school work, and being successful.If I did not have softball in my life, I do not even know where I would be today because it was the first thing that I was passionate about. Since I was passionate about softball for all my life, it has given me great opportunities. The best opportunity it has given me is being able to go to a college that I love an d also being able to play softball. If I wasn’t as determined and passionate about softball I would have not gotten the opportunity to play at Point Park University. Being an athlete of softball has taught me so much in life. Having a great attitude while laying a sport was not always easy; however, I knew that if I did not have a good attitude I would not do well. This idea, also, carried over to everyday life. If I did not have a good attitude when I woke up in the morning was like if I did not have a good attitude going up to the plate when I was up to bat. I knew I would fail if I did not have this positive attitude. Softball also can teach people to express themselves. I would not be the person I am today if I did not have softball to help shape the person I am. It taught me to communicate as a teammate and be respectful to the other team.I also interpreted this in to my everyday life. If I did not communicate on the field, or if I did not communicate with my friends I w ould not have successful relationships with people. Also, if I did not respect people, people would not show any respect for me. In conclusion, softball has not only helped me in life with teaching lessons and shaping me as a person, but it has helped a lot of other people as well. Softball, along with other sports, is an exceptional outlet for dealing with emotions and hardships, let alone also teaching great life lessons.