Diabetes Screening Young People Uae Health And Social Care Essay

Diabetess is a debatable wellness disease in the UAE. The proportions in the population are lifting at an dismaying rate. There are many factors giving rise to it, such as fleshiness, incorrect diet, unhealthy life styles and more. The authorities and health care institutes are seeking to do people cognizant of the dangers of diabetes, both for those who have it and those predisposed to it. This paper will look at a possible wellness publicity program of testing for diabetes and pre-diabetic conditions for immature people in the UAE. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion ( 1986 ) can be straight related to the wellness publicity and wellness instruction undertaking of testing for diabetes and pre-diabetic conditions for immature people in the UAE. There are five distinguishable countries related to this. Building of healthy Public Policy: This means that the authorities and the related wellness sections should be cognizant of the impact of the relevant policies and determinations with respect to their determinations every bit far as diabetes are concerned. All of these include better resource use, Torahs, societal policies and joint and combined action to raise consciousness and Foster better health care for diabetes. Obstacles to the publicity of the diabetes testing procedure demand to be removed and the manner cleared to implement the program easy. Creation of Supportive Environments: The complexness and interrelation of the UAE society demand to be acknowledged. Health issues, particularly diabetes, are connected to the people, life styles and the environment. There is a demand to follow healthy life styles and strike a balance between work and leisure. Peoples will be made cognizant that they can non merely work, but need to exert excessively, as exercising plays an of import function in diabetes control. The community needs to be educated in this respect. Strengthen Community Actions: For an effectual diabetes undertaking, it is indispensable that the community has ownership and duty in the procedure. In the UAE the populace must hold full entree to information, instruction chances and funding with respects to the diabetes wellness programme. Developing personal Skills: The diabetes wellness publicity program must learn people every bit good as provide acquisition chances about the unwellness so that people will be cognizant of their diabetic status and have the ability to move on it and so hold more control over their wellness and determinations sing it. Reorient Health Services: This is the shared duty between persons, community groups, wellness professionals, wellness service suppliers and establishments and the UAE authorities which will work together to set up the showing procedure for diabetes. ( Scribd. ; WHO, The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, 1986 ) . The Ecological Approach in Planing a wellness undertaking for the Screening for Diabetes and Pre-Diabetic Conditions for immature people in the UAE: In the design of the proposed wellness publicity undertaking, the â€Å" ecological attack † of Sallis et Al. ( 2006 ) , will be used. The ecological attack is connected to multilevel intercessions. These are based on ecological theoretical accounts and mark persons, societal environments, physical environments and policies, all of which must be implemented to accomplish population alteration in physical activity. In public wellness, ecological theoretical accounts are those connected to people ‘s interaction with their physical and socio-cultural milieus. In this regard the proposed diabetes undertaking of wellness publicity will utilize these thoughts. As in the Sallis et Al. ( 2006 ) survey, the thought of physical activity will be promoted as portion of the diabetes programme. It has been shown through research that vigorous exercising, such as jogging or aerophilic exercising, for at least 20 proceedingss at a clip, three or more times per hebdomad, can assist in advancing wellness every bit good as prevent many chronic diseases. Subsequently, in the mid- 1990s, the thought evolved in the 30 proceedingss of moderate activity, such as alert walking per twenty-four hours to supply wellness benefits. This construct of activity will be the 1 that will be promoted to the populace in the UAE. All the benefits of such sustained activity and its associated benefits will be advertised and passed on to the populace. It will organize portion of a sustained educational procedure related to diabetes and show people how they can pull off the disease if they have it, or how to forestall it. In order for this to be effectual, and the people to follow an attitude of ‘active and healthy ‘ life, multiple intercessions are necessary. The countries to be addressed are: persons, societal environments, physical environments and policies. Persons: people must be made cognizant ( educated ) about the dangers of a sedentary life style. Inactivity has more negative than wellness benefits. Peoples need to travel and acquire approximately. It has been proven that those with diabetes can keep a better wellness position ( Deakin et al.2005 ) . Ecological theoretical accounts are of import for physical activity publicity. In a public wellness scene, ecological theoretical accounts are the people ‘s interaction with their physical and socio-cultural milieus. This includes the environmental and policy variables that will act upon behaviour. Whereas the environment is clear, the policy relates to the authorities ‘s role- therefore the UAE authorities has a large function to play in providing the fiscal resources for the promotional program of instruction and interventions, every bit good as the substructure, such as recreational Parkss, walking paths, swimming pools and other exerting installations. As portion of the diabetes promotional program for the UAE some requirements are needed in the ecological theoretical account: Safe, attractive and convenient topographic points for physical activities Execution of motivational and educational plans for the usage of the exercising topographic points Involving and use of mass media and community organisations to educate and alter societal norms and civilization ( educate about diabetes- intervention, direction and bar ; benefits of exercising ; healthy feeding & A ; weight direction ) . The four chief countries in the planned publicity program will be as follows: Policy Environment: This involves the wellness Departments, diversion installations, Government, schools, media and all other substructure and policies. Behaviour Settings: The handiness of walking installations, wellness attention, vicinity, school environment and others impacting individuals. Behavior: Active Life Spheres: diversion, place activities, transit, occupation activities and how these associate to people. Perceived Environment: safety of the country, attraction, convenience and handiness, which will play a function in the intercession of diabetes and the direction of it ( Scibd. ( n.d. ) .Theory behind the Health Promotion Plan:The plan will be based on theory of community edifice every bit good as community organisation theory. The plan is intended to be led by users and ordinary people, in coaction with aid from wellness professionals and wellness institutes and authorities. Peoples will be shown how to authorise themselves and to better their quality of life. The community will be empowered, and will work on specific issues linked with other groups. A corporate action will come about through political and societal action ( Ottawa Charter, 1986 ; Sallis et al.2006 ) .LITERATURE REVIEW:A survey by Murdoch and Townsend, UAE University, Al Ain, reflects on the incidence of diabetes in the UAE, and specifically in Fujairah. They argue that efficient diabetic attention involves primary, personal and go oning attention as critical parts of a conjunct attempt to better the results for patients with this upset. The direction of cardiovascular hazard factors of high blood pressure, fleshiness, and coffin nail smoke are relevant ends in primary attention. Harmonizing to them, diabetes patients necessitate self-care and good primary wellness attention. Overall, the direction rests with the patient, health care institutes and a chiseled national wellness policy. The best advice must be available to patients and primary wellness attention bringing. In the UAE, there are 260 familial diseases reported. The Centre for Arab Genomic Studies, based in Dubai, identified another 16 upsets in the Arab population. Of these, diabetes is a prevailing 1. The familial testing signifiers portion of the national policy to demo whether persons have an familial temperament to a certain disease. This would besides assist for those meaning to acquire married in order to find if the kid might be affected by the disease ( Khalaf and Underwood, 2010 ) . Harmonizing to a United Nations Health Study, figure of type 2 diabetes in the United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) is amongst the highest in the universe. It is projected that by 2020, approximately 32 % of the grownup population ( age 20-79 ) , including both UAE subjects and exiles, may hold diabetes or pre-diabetes. The costs could surge to about $ 8.52 billion ( USD ) , the equivalent of AED 31.27 billion, over the following decennary if current tendencies continue. This means that one in three grownups from all degrees of UAE society will hold diabetes. However, most of the of instances of pre-diabetes and about 35 % of instances of diabetes in the UAE remain undiagnosed, stand foring lost chances to avoid the costs and complications of a mostly preventable disease. The survey continues to state that Type 2 diabetes which is a common, chronic and potentially crippling disease, affects a wide scope of persons. It affects anyone regardless of cultural or socioeconomic background. It has been shown that weight is a large job in diabetes. Peoples do non cognize that fleshiness, pre-diabetes and diabetes is related conditions that create a unsafe, yet preventable, wellness jobs. Harmonizing to the World Health Organization, approximately 73 % of big adult females and 66 % of work forces are fleshy or corpulent in the UAE. Through this the state is in the top five worldwide in the fleshiness bets. Medical costs attributable to diabetes and pre-diabetes in the UAE are forecast to increase to possibly $ 1.04 billion ( AED 3.82 billion ) by 2020, stand foring a 58 % addition from an estimated $ 657 million ( AED 2.41 billion ) in 2010 ( UNH 2009 ) . This outgo is confirmed to make $ 250 million by 2012, by another survey ( free Press Release, 2010 ) . Fortunately, the figure of diabetes instances can be reduced by early, aggressive intercession. Screening trials, lifestyle alterations and disease direction can assist forestall Type 2 diabetes for those who have it and forestall it for those who are screened to demo that they can acquire it.Mesbah ( 2010 ) studies that the latest figures ( July 2010 ) from the International Diabetes Federation, show that 18.7 % of the UAE grownup population is affected by diabetes, the 2nd highest prevalence worldwide after the Pacific Ocean island of Nauru. This is harmonizing to Dr Maha Taysir Barakat, OBE, Medical & A ; Research Director and Consultant Endocrinologist at Abu Dhabi ‘s Imperial College London Diabetes Centre ( ICLDC ) . A call was made on the authorities to step in in advancing an consciousness and educational run to raise consciousness of the dangers of being fleshy and to exert more. Peoples were to be encouraged to keep a healthy weight and to do usage of the Parkss and r ecreational Centres every bit good as spell for walks on the Corniche countries, such as in Dubai and Abu Dhabi. However, any signifier of exercising, and particularly, walking which is easy to transport out, was to be encouraged. Along with this is the lifestyle alteration and diet consciousness. This would debar a diabetic epidemic and set less emphasis on health care installations and healthcare outgo.In 2007, the Dubai authorities started an enterprise to raise diabetes awareness and lifestyle alteration. AMEinfo ( 2007 ) reported that the UAE Ministry of Health ( MoH ) and BinSina Pharmacy have joined forces to protect UAE subjects and occupants from high blood force per unit area, cholesterin, diabetes and fleshiness via a multi-phase, countrywide run.As portion of the consciousness run, an one-year walk has been organized by the Imperial College London Diabetes Centre. In Abu Dhabi, on November 26 2010, the biggest crowd of all time was led by His Highness Sheikh Tahnoon bin Saeed bin Saif Al Nahyan. More than 15,000 people walked on the five kilometers trek around the F1 path at Abu Dhabi ‘s YAS Marina Circuit. This was, Walk UAE 2010, portion of the award-winning public wellness consciousness run under the backing of Her Highness Sheikha Fatima bint Mubarak ( Batnagur 2010 ) . A voluntary showing for diabetes was held in 2009 at a Mall in Dubai to find diabetes. Baxter ( 2009 ) studies that every individual voluntary who took portion in a UAE Ministry of Health testing trial for diabetes, was found to be overweight. This raised serious concerns about the province of the UAE ‘s wellness. Every individual out of the 400 voluntaries who took portion in the trials at Mall of the Emirates in Dubai, were found to be overweight, and weighed more than their recommended organic structure mass index ( BMI ) . The company, Sanofi-aventis, which conducted the trials along with the ministry, reported the consequences and said that it was â€Å" distressing † . All voluntaries were potentially at hazard from diabetes or bosom disease. This was due to the high BMI. The general director of the company said that the people needed to be educated more on eating healthily every bit good as exercising. As portion of the authorities ‘s enterprise of the battle against diabetes, Saberi ( Gulf News, 2010 ) reported that Dr.Razzaq Al Madani, the caput of the Emirates Diabetes Society, has called for a nation-wide diabetes testing programme. This was necessary to maintain path of this disease. The programme was aimed at testing the whole population. Although this was an ambitious program, the value, could non be underestimated. It will affect all physicians and all wellness attention installations, clinics and infirmaries. A month-long run organized by ExHealth, was opened by His Excellency Dr. Hanif Hassan Ali Al Qassim, UAE Minister of Health, as portion of the World Diabetes Day programmes in Dubai as portion of the Know Diabetes. This is a month-long run organized for the 3rd consecutive twelvemonth ( Middle East Events, 2010 ) . From the above it is clear to see that the authorities, every bit good as pharmaceutical companies is actively involved in raising the consciousness of diabetes among the occupants of the UAE. The exhibitions, awareness runs every bit good as large walks which involved 1000s, will certainly do people more cognizant. The lone job is that people still need to take duty for their wellness conditions.The PRECEDE- PROCEED Model:The PRECEDE-PROCEED theoretical account ( Green & A ; Kreuter, 1991 ) , provides a comprehensive construction for measuring wellness and quality-of-life demands. This theoretical account is utile for planing, implementing, and measuring wellness publicity. It can besides be used for other public wellness plans to run into the different demands. PRECEDE ( Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation ) outlines a diagnostic planning procedure. It assists in the development of a focussed public wellness plan. PROCEED ( Pol icy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development ) guides the execution and rating of such plans which are designed by utilizing PRECEDE. PRECEDE consists of five stairss or stages ( Green & A ; Kreuter, 1999 ) . Phase one involves finding the quality of life or societal jobs and demands of a given population. Phase two consists of placing the wellness jobs and demands. Phase three involves analysing the behavioral and environmental issues of the wellness jobs. Phase four relates to the factors of the behaviours and life styles which are identified. Phase five involves determines which wellness publicity, wellness instruction and/or policy-related intercessions would best be suited to promoting the desired alterations in the behaviours or environments and in the factors that support those behaviours and environments. PROCEED is composed of four stages. the intercessions identified are implemented. procedure rating of those intercessions. measuring the impact of the intercessions on the factors back uping behaviour, and on behavior itself. last stage comprises outcome evaluation- checking on the ultimate effects of the intercessions on the wellness and quality of life of the population ( Green & A ; Kreuter, 1999 ) .Execution:With the Proceed-Precede theoretical account ( Green & A ; Kreuter, 1991 ) will be utilized in be aftering the procedure of the diabetes testing program. The targeted people will be assessed. By utilizing this theoretical account, the multiple determiners of wellness will be recognized. The plan will be started by making an appraisal of the quality of life and societal jobs of the people in the UAE, of which wellness is a conducive factor. In this instance the effects of diabetes on the lives of the people in the UAE will be studied. The whole thought of the wellness publicity program is the awareness-making of the state to the necessity of the showing for diabetes and pre-diabetic conditions of immature people in the UAE. Social, environmental and educational appraisal will be done to understand the demands of the community in the UAE ; prioritising them and puting plan ends. Administrative and policy assessment- Information gathered from the old stairss will be used to place the cardinal resources needed, every bit good as policies and ordinances that can impact the plan. Evaluation- this is a important measure: Procedure evaluation- the plan will be evaluated before the execution of the diabetes testing program Outcome evaluation- did the proposed diabetes testing program affect the patient ‘s cognition and wellness state of affairs ; did it hold the awaited consequence ( Scribd. ( n.d. ) . With the proposed program of diabetes testing, it is indispensable that the plan constituents are matched with the degrees of the persons, organisational and community alteration. Interventions need to be matched. A following stage will be to make the pre-test of elements that have non been tested before in the proposed age group in which the showing will be done. The 3rd stage takes into history the demands of the plan that will be aligned with other factors to from a blended, cohesive and comprehensive plan. This will take factors of administrative, organisational, regulative and policy position every bit good as alterations where needed, into history ( Green & A ; Kreuter 1991, p.191 ) .Schemes:The programme will be one of publicity of the benefits of showing.Secondary prevention- arrest advancementCommunity wellness publicity can besides be portion of the programme to demo how Diabetess can be managed -Diabetes Self direction Education Program- ( DSMEP ) .The first scheme will concentrate on the publicity and benefits of testing. Early sensing will take to early intervention and halting of the disease. For those identified with pre-diabetes, a wellness program can be devised. All the thoughts of the disease will be passed on top the people. This means educating the people. Secondary bar means placing those who have already developed the disease. The purpose is to halt the advancement. The whole population will be targeted. The end of the Diabetes Self Management Support Program ( DSMEP ) will be to authorise people in the community. It will be based on utilizing the hazard and wellness oriented attack to avoid post-complications of the diseases ( Deakin et al.,2005 ) .This plan will supply cognition, information and support for the development of necessary direction accomplishments. Patients can join forces with wellness professionals and wellness facilitators. All of the above will be accompanied by an consciousness plan. Life manner alterations and a supportive environment all through community bases will be emphasised. The premiss is that the right instruction programmes can assist people to cut down blood-pressure, organic structure weight, better quality of life and aid with their ain wellness intervention. If the wellness publicity program and showing are effectual, so the incidence of diabetes can be reduced ( Deakin et al. , 2005 ) . Existing spouses and cardinal stakeholders will besides be identified. These will be engaged in the plan. Different interest holders could be: Young Peoples in the UAE Residents with type 2 diabetes ; those with pre-diabetic conditions Established diabetes instruction and general programmes Doctors and Clinical Assistants and Nurses Health professionals from Diabetes Centres in the UAE Community wellness workers Other Local and National diabetes organisations Community leaders, and Schools UAE media ( telecasting, wireless, newspapers, cyberspace ) ( Scribd. ( n.d. ) .Other determiners of wellness:Thingss that can act upon wellness: Social factors – Age, sex, familial factors Personal factors – smoke, physical inaction, work & A ; school emphasis Social and community factor- faith, household, equal group Housing & A ; Living conditions – entree to wellness services, entree to leisure installations, regional location General economic, cultural and environmental conditions – Environment-good, friendly? Ad, Housing installations.Program Type:The plan will concentrate on the showing. Once patients have been identified, so they need to be advised approximately intervention every bit good as how to better wellness and the care of it. A focal point will be accomplishments constructing activities. Here life manner alteration, exercising and care of organic structure weight will be of import. The benefits of a healthy diet and abstention of smoke will besides be highlighted. If this goes down good, so the opportunities of developing diabetes type-2 will be minimized. Furthermore, the programme will learn those with diabetes how to pull off it.Structure and range of the planOther self-care activities in the program will be: Healthy feeding wonts Physical exercising and activities Monitoring of blood sugar degrees Medicine: the pickings of it Possible Problems of the above self-care activities: Social norms: To hold an inactive life style in the UAE has about become an acceptable â€Å" societal norm † . Most people here spend their leisure clip as a sedentary 1. A batch of people merely go to the Malls, sit at place feeding and watching Television, or those who go to parks, travel at that place to sit and eat once more. Merely a few are serious about exercising in the Parkss or on the beach. Then there is the instance of people driving everyplace they go ; people barely walk to stores or other topographic points. Personal factors: In the instance of aged people, they might non be able to walk. Even younger people do non walk a batch or want to be driven someplace. Merely a few immature people play athleticss. External factors: The environmental factors can hold an consequence on the activity degree of people. If the Parkss, walking paths or the beaches are excessively far, so less people, immature and old, will non travel and exercising ( Sallis et al.,2006 ; Scribd. ( n.d. ) ) . Social interaction: Some people will be more active if they are in a group or with active, like-minded people. Young people will play easier as a portion of a squad than as an person. Program Timetable: A timetable with timeframes will be devised. Specific sections will hold to be drawn up viz. :Needs appraisal of people involvedScreening plan of peopleProvision of self direction instruction for those with diabetesFollow up of planOutcome Evaluation of planEvaluation methods: ( Mulcahy et al. , 2003 ) In any plan, rating is really of import. This can be through studies and feedback based on specific inquiries: Is the testing procedure traveling as planned? Are all the stakeholders involved as set out at the planning phase? Is the plan participants ‘ representative of the mark audience? What is the degree of engagement? Has it decreased over clip? What are the budgetary costs? Can the plan be sustained? Outcome Evaluation: this refers to the appraisal of plan ends to find if noticeable alterations to behaviour, attitudes, or cognition have been attained as a consequence of the intercession ( Mulchay et al. , 2003 ) . Have participants achieved their self-identified duty ends ( e.g. , discontinuing baccy usage, eating less sugary things, taking a 10-20minute walk every twenty-four hours, specified taking stairss to cut down emphasis, practising proper unwritten wellness ) ? To what extent have participants improved on things such as weight, blood force per unit area, cholesterin, blood glucose degree? Make participants rate any or an betterment in their overall quality of life as a consequence of plan engagement? Challenges to Evaluation of the Plan: ( Green & A ; Kreuter, 1999 ) The Cost Challenge: Plan rating can be dearly-won The Time Challenge: Evaluation demands clip The Expertise Challenge: Experts are needed to make an analysis of the informations collectedDecision:From the scope of literature covering diabetes in the UAE, it is clear to see that there is a general concern about the disease of diabetes. It can be assumed that developing for self-management schemes in people with type-2 diabetes can be effectual in decelerating down complications. The value of a broad showing procedure for diabetes and pre-diabetic conditions for immature people can assist and help in the debilitating consequence the disease has on the UAE population. However, to implement this every bit good as a general wellness publicity program against diabetes will non be an easy one. The possibility exists that there can be several institutional, socioeconomic or political structural factors that could organize barriers to making so. This might be farther complicated by cultural and personal factors and beliefs. The proposed plan can be really successful when it can go por tion of bing programs of a national conjunct attempt taking into history wellness policies and the economic and political constructions of the UAE as a whole.

Leadership Style Essay

Leadership is a role that not all can partake but that many have excelled at. When asked who I admire as a leader I had to think quite a while. I had to decide what category of leader I could relate to the most. Would it be a political leader, a spiritual leader, a business leader or even a military leader? Ultimately I decided that I want someone who is multi-faceted in that they can lead in many situations and scenarios. Further it seems that leading in unfamiliar and new situations can allow a leader more freedom in his direction without being swayed by observations of others in similar situations. This led me to choose George Washington as my admirable leader since â€Å"George Washington can be used as an example of strong and ethical leadership in virtually any walk of life.† (Rees 2007, p. preface) Growing up we all learned of George Washington and his role as the first president of the United Sates. We hear of his honesty as told through the story of the cherry tree an d so on. His leadership is what gave him this large mark in our history books and it was not only displayed through his presidency. He was first a great military leader. In this role he displayed leader characteristics such as toughness, persistence, bravery and organization. These characteristics earned him the respect of his troops and the ongoing admiration of an entire country. His time as a political leader is what he is remembered most for. He was able to use his charismatic presence and moral strength to maneuver through a turbulent political environment. The leadership traits of foresight and strategic planning allowed him to hold at bay the continental army from a brittle and new civilian government. Through his, and with the help of other great leaders, efforts the path was paved for the United Sates to become the world’s leading super power. Though other leaders have achieved similar feats throughout history this one stands out for me as I have directly benefited from George Washington’s leadership.  Lastly a notable leadership trait that I admire of George Washington’s is his moral leadership. This helps distinguish him from other leaders of world powers before and after his time. It was not uncommon for leaders like Hitler, Stalin, and the Caesar’s or Persian Empire leaders who accomplished similar â€Å"world power† feats to rule by an iron fist and without morality to reach their goals. George Washington used his moral compass to create what may be a much longer lasting arena in which to lead, one that could be passed on to other worthy leaders. Many would like to think that they have the characteristics of a great leader. The reality is that if I, or anyone else, had the perfect mesh of traits for a leader then we would in fact be leading. While I do manage staff, departments and facilities I see myself as a professional and only an aspiring leader. It is my hope that through this course and the others I with be involved in throughout my time at University of Phoenix I will come closer to actually leading. Currently I have some leadership characteristics. There are some that seemed to come naturally and others that have taken time, effort and education. I’ve always seemed to have a knack at argument, or for our scholarly purposes, excellent persuasion ability. I can think clearly during exchanges and use opposing thinkers own examples and analogies to further substantiate my position. I treat people with respect regardless of their status. I strive to have a perfect balance on confidence and humility. I do not fear collaboration and tend to communicate well. If I were to list all the things I would need to do in order to become a better leader this paper would never end. In order to avoid this I will talk only about the traits I feel are the most important and in need of further understanding and practice from myself. Leveraging team strength’s needs some attention from me. I tend to look at people in their roles and corner them there. If I open my eyes a bit more as to their aptitude in other areas I could find that shining stars are sitting right in front of me. I need to be more fearless and take more risks. I have a tendency to play things safe seeking acceptable outcomes when I could take risks and seek excellent outcomes. If I were to take on a little more compassion for things going on with the people around me I may be able to find ways to create more dedicated followers. Followers that know I believe in them and care for their own well-being as opposed to simply the desired outcome of my leadership. Ultimately I wish to lead by example. I want to  lead follower’s development and act as a resource for their advice and assistance (Daft 2008). The greatest satisfaction I can achieve as a leader would be not only for my own desired success in life to be experienced but also to carve a path for those around me to thrive as well. Good leadership in my opinion will always result in an accumulative good, not and individual good. References Daft, R. (2008). The Leadership Experience. Mason: Thompson Learning, Inc. . James Rees, Stephen J. Spignesi (2007). George Washington’s Leadership Lessons. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Diversity Action Plan for Microsoft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Autism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Autism - Essay Example It is because of these reasons that autism has been deemed as one of the most complex and difficult developmental disorders with which families might have to deal with and family members of such children are often perceived to experience negative psychological effects (Gupta & Singhal, 2005). Dealing with traumatic events that are outside one’s control is one of the biggest challenges of life. With no possibility of lessening or eradicating the causes of stress, such circumstances require tactics where one transforms the self to fit the situation. It is important to understand the ways in which families deal with such circumstances as these are essential to cognitive paradigms of stress and coping frequently applied to families of children with disorders. Interventions concentrating on parents’ coping mechanisms have revealed encouraging results. These treatments utilize concepts from stress and coping paradigms to enhance parent education in problem solving and decisio n-making, communicative abilities, ability to contact and make use of social networks, and coping mechanisms such as encouraging self-statements, self-praise and relaxation (Gupta & Singhal 2005). A number of factors effect families’ experience of having a young individual with certain mental, emotional or physical disability and it is significant to keep in mind the distinctive requirements of each family, when deciding on the type of support being provided. Various factors such as cultural values of the family, socio-economic status, level of the disability, and amount of social support, type of family structure, and geographic location are significant when formulating and applying effective treatment programmes. All or any of these factors can improve or restrict the success of a treatment and emphasize the need for individualization. Thus the amount and kind of programs should be according to the needs of the individual family unit (Gupta & Singhal 2005). Research suggest s that the number of children being red-flagged with autism is increasing. This increase might be to some extent due to enhanced assessment techniques or better knowledge of autism and other developmental disorders and of behaviours of autistic children. This disturbing increase in the number of children evidently requires for added facilities to fulfil the needs of these children and their families (Barnard, et al. 2002). From the developmental systems perspective, children are members of numerous social networks. These networks are created and are implemented by socio-cultural beliefs. Vygotsky, in relation to people with developmental disorders, suggested that the various aspects of development are quite similar in people with mental retardation and other disorders. He deemed working together as vital for the growth of improved psychological processes, and highlighted the significance of children working together in different groups (Vygotsky, 1993). Active participation of paren ts in the treatment programmes is increasing in the contemporary world. This involvement of parents has proven to be successful in educating parents to teach a number of skills to their children, especially play and communication skills. Increasing participation of parents during this stage, by giving extra information and incorporating them in

Poet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Poet - Essay Example Having no experience at all on wars or anything related to fighting, the hobbit was hesitant at first but he eventually agreed to join the wizard’s team on an adventure of his life. Nevertheless, he was always perceived by Thorin as a liability and a burden to them because they have to protect him from being harmed- a condition that adds to the leader’s responsibilities. Therefore, the hobbit thought of going back home. However, after some emotional reactions and thoughts of leaving the team, the hobbit’s abilities were then put to test when unexpectedly, the members of the group faced danger in the hands of the goblins. Nonetheless, before he was finally accepted as a hero, the hobbit had to go through some dangers by himself, coming face to face with Golum, a deceiving carnivore corrupted by a magical golden ring. Eventually, he escapes his enemy and rejoins the group who also managed to escape the goblins with the help of Gandalf. However, that was not the end of their dilemma because shortly right after, they again faced the orcs. In his anger, Thorin attacked their leader but was badly hurt and became unconscious. It was then that the hobbit courageously faced the orc. With the help of birds, the team were rescued and brought to a safe place. From there they continued their journey to the Lonely Mountain to destroy the dragon and the story continues until the kingdom is reclaimed (Tolkien). The narration may be a fantasy story nevertheless it portrays facts about life which are observed even in modern times. The Hobbit tells similar themes expressed by Robert Zimmerman, popularly known as Bob Dylan, a singer-songwriter, musician, artist and writer who wrote the poem entitled Desolation Row. The poem is an enjambment, having lines of varying lengths continuing over a line break (poetryarchive.org), which presents ancient and modern worldviews on politics, leadership, virtues and even negative characteristics such as envy, greed and lust . In The Hobbit, it is narrated that Lonely Mountain was once a powerful and successful kingdom, respected and admired for its vast wealth (Tolkien). However, because of the old king’s love for gemstone’s the gem that soon brought disaster to the kingdom was discovered. During the attack of the great dragon on the dwarves’ kingdom, the elves who were once their allies did not even give a helping hand. Therefore, a gap was built between the two kingdoms. Similarly, Desolation Row discusses such theme of racism, hatred, vengeance and injustices. The first part of the poem speaks about the lynching in 1920 when three African-American circus workers were accused of raping a white girl although they were never found guilty (Tuffley). The act is said to have been performed because the accused were Blacks. Their side of the story was never heard. In the same manner, Thorin perceived the elves as his enemies simply because he saw them turn their backs when the great dra gon attacked their kingdom. After the good relationships the two kingdoms shared, there has been a separation between the dwarves and the elves, at least in Thorin’s mind. Nevertheless, as the wise wizard said, the elves must have reasons for their actions which Thorin must also consider and understand (Tolkien). Other themes such as greed- a characteristic that led to the old king’s destruction and the corruption of Gollum, is also discussed in the poem through the lines

The driving forces in the changing role of accountants Literature review

The driving forces in the changing role of accountants - Literature review Example new business models and shifts in business-oriented demographics.In total, these forces of change are pushing or driving new societal values, expectations and needs and is entrusting more accountabilities on accountants to respond to these changes. In short, these changes are changing every feature of our globe in general and thrusting new duties on accountants in particular. Due to changes in the business sector due to various factors as enumerated below, there is an increasing recognition in business community for the need to develop a thorough understanding of these changes and other upcoming drivers of change and to equip themselves for a wide scale of probable future scenarios. Hence, it is significant and vital for the accounting profession to recognise the major factors and forces that are likely to shape the future. This will facilitate them to face sprouting shocks and to capitalise by acquiring new talents and skills. The study of drivers of change is important to the accountaning profession and for business executives so as to make them to prepare for the challenges from an indecisive tomorrow. This research study will investigate the promising drivers of change that could have the severe effect on accountancy profession and for the business over the ensuing decades. This study has referred various previous empirical studies on the subject to prove its research hypothesis, i.e. the important drivers for change in the role of accountants in the ensuing decade. This research study makes an attempt to offer a balanced picture on the effect of changing roles of the accounting professionals in the ensuing 5 to 10 years. The main research question will be â€Å"what are the driving forces in the changing roles of the accounting professionals in the coming decade and what the opportunity and confronts will it foster for the accounting professionals? This research study will mainly use secondary data like books, peer view journal articles, previous

Literature review topic Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Literature review topic - Coursework Example The ear of fish was according to its water environment, and that of lizard is according to aerial environment. (Fay, 2008). Heart is main organ of supplying blood to all the body organs. The position of heart is also different in different genus as well as the number of chambers. Amphioxus did not contain a true heart, but there were only blood vessels in different body parts that were divided to circulate blood in their specified organs. As the evolution went on, the animals started to grow a well-developed and distinct organ that has divisions. These chambers are atria and ventricle in mammals (Marcos S. Simà µes-Costaa, 2005). Even the atria and ventricles are divided as right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle and left ventricle. These chambers do not allow any mixing of blood and there is a very less chance that oxygenated blood can get mixed with deoxygenated blood. The heart of amphioxus(genius: Branchiostoma) was not well shaped but it is now a very regular organ in mammals like horse(genus : Equus). (Josà © Xavier-Neto, 2010). Prokaryotes are single celled organisms that do not have cellular organelles. They are simple in composition while eukaryotic are complex in nature. They comprise bacteria cells. For movement, they have flagella or cilia. Although they are living, but they do not have well developed systems and specialized organs. They have simple mode of living. Their circulatory, respiratory, etc. all systems are simplest of all organisms. With the evolutionary process, they have been changed to eukaryotes, the most developed organisms of the world. The eukaryotic organisms are very much advance and they have organelles specialized for specific functions. They contain chloroplast, ribosome, mitochondria and many other special structures that are specified to do special works. Chloroplast is used in the process of photosynthesis. Mitochondrion is the

Pros and Cons of Asynchronous Collaboration Essay

Pros and Cons of Asynchronous Collaboration - Essay Example A key disadvantage with asynchronous communication does have his limits. For instance, it is not very keen in providing data integrity as it is not reliable in transmission. Since one device transmits and the other device just receives, data can be lost until picked up by a higher device. Synchronous or â€Å"agree timing through a wire† is beneficial because it tends to synchronize data as both initiate their numeric counters, which ensures data integrity. In addition, synchronous communication allows for data to be efficient and low-error rates. A key disadvantage of synchronous communication is the fact that its too time consuming. Often times in a synchronous system, the inconsistent physical connection will spend a long time in communicating between two machines. Hence, this can cause delays. Another huge barrier in synchronous communication is the fact that it relies heavily in advanced systems for error correction. Any company using this method must invest in an advanced system. For example, embedding a router with Wi Fi capabilities would tremendously facilitate the

Poster proposal presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Poster proposal presentation - Essay Example Application programs also fall in this category and a good example is the payroll check processor. An ecommerce database is a method of storage and presentation of large amounts of information which is then used by an ecommerce or by an online payment system. Ecommerce makes it possible for consumers to remotely from the internet make purchases or process relevant financial transactions. A secure database is needed by the company hosting the ecommerce process to store such valuable and sensitive information such as credit card information and product inventory. When making a decision on the best choice for an ecommerce solution, it is important to take careful consideration to ensure it is helpful in its untended purpose. It is important to consider if the database provides a secure environment when deciding on which ecommerce database to use so as to protect sensitive information such as personal, financial, and project information. It is very important to make the database application user friendly and easy to use as well as being flexible and adaptable to change. This is so that where need be, modifications or improvements can be made in the future. Customer information in a data base is stored in one file and the sales information is then stored in another separate file. each customers information is entered only once and then each customer is assigned a number unique to them. This makes it possible for the sales records to be entered using only the customer number to refer back to their specific customer file. This mode of database use helps to saves data entry time and also storage space. It also helps by making it easier and faster to retrieve information. Another advantage is that it makes it possible to get quick answers to important queries concerning your sales. For instance you can then be able to find out which product you sold the most in a very fast manner since all the system has to do is read the sales information. Most

Discussion 9.1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion 9.1 - Essay Example As a leader, I will use these ideas to shape my personal leadership style in two main ways. First, there is need to encourage information sharing and individual input from all members or employees. It is only through this that I can understand what each individual has to offer, and their unique ideas. Secondly, I will ensure that anyone who requires training or mentoring is provided with such opportunities in order to allow them grow and mature into a better person. I believe that through such actions, I will inspire others to dream and learn more, as captured in the quote by Johnson Quincy Adams (Josephson, 2012). The quote by Bill Gates really spoke to me. Here, Bill Gates is suggesting that future leaders must be prepared to empower others. This quote challenges me to view the authority and power given to me not as a tool to control others but one that can be used to empower them. This means that effective use of that authority and power will be based on how I have helped people develop into better persons. This requires focusing on each individual person and trying to understand their needs and

Apple in It Industry Essay Example for Free

Apple in It Industry Essay The Apple iPhone provides its user with the ultimate mobile device which include high quality features and stunning design concept. The iPhone is a mobile phone, a highly useable widescreen iPod with touch screen controls and a Internet communications device, all rolled into one portable device making it an outstanding smartphone. The casing is small and lightweight which measures 115mm x 61mm x 11.6mm and weighs 135 grams. The casing comes is a selection of popular colors which include a sleek black gloss look finish and a sophisticated glossy white color. The phone comes with a huge multi touch colour screen which acts as a brilliant display as well as the users input method which allows the user to control all the phones functions using the multi touch screen. The screen measures 3.5 Inches and provides a screen resolution of 320 x 480 pixels on a brilliantly colored screen. The Apple iPhone has changed the way user will use their mobile phone device and the iPhone provides the user with state of the art technology which is extremely user friendly. The iPhone comes with a new Mac OS X based user interface which is based on the large multi touch color display. The iPhone is available in 8 Gbyte memory version. The smartphone comes with a fitted battery which provides the user with up to 16 hours worth of music playback and approximately 5 hours of talk time which includes call time, video time and Internet browsing time. The Apple iPhone comes with a picture address book which allows the user to see a picture of their contact as well as the contacts name. The address book is easy to access from the phones main menu and the user can make a call by simply touching the contacts details on the multi touch screen. The user can select to mute, use the keypad, switch to speaker phone, add a call, hold a call, access contacts details or end the call all from the call menu. The phone will automatically create a favorites call list which is made up of all the most frequently made calls. The user can easily create a conference call my merging their calls together. The user will enjoy and quick and easy input method when typing messages as the iPhone will display a touch QWERTY keyboard on the 3.5 Inch screen which is a predictive keyboard and automatically corrects typing errors. The touch keyboard provides a user friendly input method and the Apple iPhone displays the typing above the keyboard which provides a real feel typing experience for the user. The user can create text messages, multimedia messages and emails using the touch keyboard. The email service works just like the users PC, Mac or laptop email client but the iPhone email service is a mobile email service which is easy and quick to use. The email client supports POP3 and IMAP based email service which include Microsoft Exchange, AOL Mail, Apple Mac Mail, Google Email and ISP email services. The user can enjoy a real email experience on the Apple iPhone which can include graphics, images and photo attachments. The visual voicemail feature works like an email service which allows the user to select and listen to their voicemail messages in any order they desire, just like email service. The user can select the voice mail which is of most important and use the touch screen call back control to call their contact back from the voicemail screen. The built in music player comes with touch screen music controls which allow the user to play, pause, rewind and fast forward their choice of music. The user can view their album covers on the screen and the iPhone comes with a touch screen search facility which allows the user to search by song, album, artist or play list. The multi touch screen controls and easy to create music play lists make the music player fun and simple to use. The beautiful Apple iPhone comes with a built in camera and video feature which allows the user to capture still photographic images and moving video footage easily with their portable device. The smartphone comes with a selection of camera and video settings which will ensure the user gets the perfect effect and finish to every photograph or video captured. The advanced photo management application provides the user with everything they need to gain the perfect finish to each and every photo. The user can record and play video footage in all popular video formats. The Apple iPhone comes with easy to use touch screen video controls which include play, pause, chapter fast forward, chapter rewind and volume controls which are all displayed on the intelligent multi touch screen. The smartphone allows the user to watch their favorite TV shows and movies which makes the iPhone the perfect companion when the user has some leisure time. The user can enjoy a real mobile Internet experience on their phone which allows the user to view all Internet sites the way they were designed to be viewed. The user can access the Safari Internet browser which comes with a zoom facility which is activated by the user simply tapping the multi touch screen. The Safari Internet browser comes with a built in Google and Yahoo, Internet search functions. The user can search the Internet on their mobile phone where ever they are, but using either Edge or WiFi. The user can connect to compatible devices using Bluetooth ® wireless technology, WiFi and USB connectivity. The Apple iPhone smartphone comes with built in technology which provides the user with a fast and efficient portable device. The phone comes with Edge technology which provides the user with fast data transfers which are up to three times faster than GPRS. The smartphone works over a GSM quad band network which allows the user to use their Apple iPhone Worldwide. The iPhone will automatically synchronize all the users contacts from their PC, laptop, Mac or Internet service. The user can view their iPhone in either portrait or landscape mode and the intelligent built in technology will automatically change the viewing screen to suit the users requirements. The user can see the whole width of an Internet site or a photo in true landscape setting by simply turning the iPhone to landscape mode. The iPhone automatically knows when the user lifts the phone to their ear to use and will switch off the display to save the battery and prevent any touch controls being selected in error. The Apple iPhones comes with a Google map application which allows the user to view maps and satellite images on their phone. The maps application can provide the user with directions, and traffic information when the user is on the move. The widgets application provides the user with helpful real time information on stock reports and provides Worldwide weather reports.

Ideology refers to a set of consistent ideas Essay Example for Free

Ideology refers to a set of consistent ideas Essay Indeed, it encompasses the ideas that appear dominant enough to give reasonable explanations to the world in such a way that it appeals to the simple mind and can become the propelling force for his daily interactions among humans. Is defined as ‘a form of social or political philosophy in which practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones. It is a system of ideas that aspires both to explain the world and to change it. ’[Britannica Online Encyclopedia] It can also be described as a belief system shared by a specific group of people; the system determines the schema with which they see life and interpret events. It forms the basis of schema formation and modification. This refers to a system of politic that teaches a particular idea to group of people with a view to integrating their cognitive and affectionate skills into such ideas. It is an attempt to sell an idea perceived to be the ideal norm to guide the affairs of a clan of people towards productive living and stable community. Marx devised a base/superstructure model of society where society is greatly influenced by the dominant force-ruling-class, especially in terms of economic factors more than anything else. This model emphasizes the major influence the ruling class has through the superstructure over the base, because of their control of economic forces. The emphasis on economic factors as a major determinant in the model has endeared it to the heart of many critics. Suffice to say that indeed Karl Max has contributed immensely to the understanding of ‘ideology’ in relation to the areas where it has found application: politics, religion, economics, etc. REFERENCES Britannica Online Encyclopedia. http://www. britannica. com/eb/article-9106294/ideology Concept of ideology. Accessed from http://tarlton. law. utexas. edu/lpop/etext/lsf/suretsky5. htm Conceptions of Ideology. Accessed from scholars. nus. edu. sg/post/poldiscourse/marxideology. html John, Lyne. Ideology, Accessed from scholars. nus. edu. sg/post/poldiscourse/marxideology. html.

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle (MNS) Properties

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle (MNS) Properties INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Study Large amount of solid remnant from agriculture industries waste can create disposal problem to environment such as generation of odour and can attract pests that can endangered human health. Due to this problem the application of this waste is widely explored to control the disposal problem. According to Norsuraya, Fazlena and Norshasyimi (2016), primary fuel source and additive in construction industries utilise the application of solid residue. The example agricultural waste is corn cob, rice husk, sugarcane leaf and bagasse. Studies have been conducted to enhance the use of this solid residue into profitable product. One of the important element present in the waste is silica that has wide application. According to Norsuraya, Fazlena and Norshasyimi (2016), among the agriculture residue sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) consist the highest of the silica content with the value of 96.93%. This studies comply with the studies conducted by Rahman et al. (2015), that stated the amount of silica content in SCBA is more than 50%. Bagasse ash is the product of combustion of bagasse that are commonly used as a source energy to operate plant. Bagasse is one waste product in sugar industry that incurs additional disposal cost. Bagasse is cellular fiber remaining after extraction of the sugar-bearing juice from sugarcane. It consist of lignin (20-30 %), cellulose (40-45 %) and hemicelluloses (30-35 %) (Peng et al., 2009). The silica content varies depending on the environment, soil nature and the process involves in harvesting it. In Malaysia the application of Sugarcane Bagasse (SCB) is still not widely explored but studies already conducted to produce silica gel as adsorbent, additive for concrete, cosmetic and others because of its characteristic. SCB is more related to by-product in sugarcane mills industry. After the juice containing sucrose called as table sugar extracted from the sugarcane by pressing the sugarcane. The residue is the SCB which contains high fibrous residue. The largest sugarcane plantation in Malaysia is at the northern region of Malaysia which can produce more than 70 000 tonne of sugarcane. The sugarcane bagasse waste from the extraction process contribute to huge disposal waste problem. SCBA can be the most valuable stock for production of mesoporous silica that are useful application such as adsorption and catalyst (Rahman et al., 2015). For that purposes, the size and surface area of the mesoporous silica are importance. Mesoporous silica is a silica that has pore with diameter range of 2 50 nm depending on the process of synthesis of the mesoporous silica. The large surface area of the mesoporous silica functions as the active site that useful for the application such adsorption. Dye is a natural or synthetic materials that can add a specific colour onto the material that are applied to. Every year more than 10 000 types of dye are produced around the world and are used in different types of industries (Malakootian et al., 2015). The application of dye used widely from food industry to textile industry with the biggest consumer of dye is textile industry. This industry is known to be the one of the main contributor of industrial wastewater pollution and it is the most polluting of all the industrial sector. 10-50% of the dye will end up in the effluent (Axelsson et al., 2006). Dye are significantly toxic and mutagenic that poses hazard to aquatic life and living organism. One of example of dye is methylene blue (MB) that are an important aromatic compound with chemical formula of C16H18ClN3S. Large amount of this dye are released in the water sources and according to Malakootian et al. (2015) it is more importance removing dye from textile wastewater than tre ating other colourless organic and inorganic because only a small amount of dye can affect the water quality and colour. Various treatment method introduce to removes dye from textile wastewater such as physical, chemical and biological but it is not effective due to complex chemical structure that lead to resistant to this type of treatment other than the treatment cost. Thus, it is important to find other alternative process of removal of dye. Currently, the most known method to treat textile wastewater is by using adsorption process method because of it has more advantages compared to traditional method especially in environmental aspects and its ease of operation, cost effectiveness, biodegradability as well as greater efficiency. In order to carry out the adsorption, the main important thing is the adsorbent. According to Malakootian et al. (2015) the most typical adsorbent used for adsorption treatment for the removal of dyes from coloured water or wastewater, but due to its high production, regeneration and reactivation procedures cost research has been concentrated on alternative adsorbents with high adsorptive capacity and low cost such as mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN). These adsorbents have high efficiency due to their high surface area, high mechanical properties and good resistivity to thermal degradation, and they exist in several structures and amphoteric properties. 1.2 Problem Statement The wastewater from textile contain high concentration of dye. So it required for the effluent from the industry to undergo treatment. Wastewater resulting from these industries is generally characterize by high COD, pH, dissolved solid temperature and dye and surfactant content. Dye also can be toxic to environment because of its chemical properties. In order to treat effluent from textile industry that contain high percentage of dye, various method introduced and used. Examples of the methods are physical, chemical, biological, membrane separation, radiation, electrochemical, advanced oxidation, photolysis, electrochemical, sonolysis processes, etc. However, these methods are relatively ineffective because most dyes as azo reactive dyes are highly water soluble, have complex structures, and are stable to light, chemical and biological degradation, etc. Furthermore, these methods have certain disadvantages such as high capital and operational costs, secondary sludge disposal problems and the release of large volumes of toxic by-products (Malakootian et al., 2015). Among all these methods, adsorption is the best method because of its advantages and the best adsorbents is by using nanotechnology method such as Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle. It is because it has high adsorptive capacity and low cost. 1.3 Objectives of Study The objectives of the study can be outlined as follows: To prepare Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle (MSN) from bagasse ash To characterize the physicochemical properties of MSN. To study the potential of MSN as an environmental adsorbent in wastewater treatment 1.4 Research Scope The research is to investigate the effluent of low cost adsorbent materials which is Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle (MSN) from bagasse ash as the adsorbent to remove the Methylene Blue. The MSN are prepared from Sol-Gel Method and then Hydrothermal Synthesis by using formaldehyde, water and without formaldehyde and water. The MSN will be characterize and will be subjected to: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify the major functional chemical groups present in the silica Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to determine the average particle size and the morphology of the materials. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) to evaluate the specific surface area. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to evaluate the image of the MSN The performance of MSN adsorbent in removing methylene blue from aqueous solution will be carried out in various parameter which are: Effect of pH the aqueous methylene blue in pH 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 Effect of MSN dosage (0.1 g, 0.2 g, 0.3 g, 0.4 g and 0.5 g) Effect of initial concentration of aqueous methylene blue (10 ppm, 20 ppm, 30 ppm, 40 ppm and 50 ppm) Effect of temperature of the aqueous methylene blue (30 Â °C, 50 Â °C and 70 Â °C) The treated aqueous methylene blue dye will be characterized and subjected to UV-Visible Spectrometer (UV-Vis) to evaluate the percentage of methylene blue dye remove from the aqueous solution from adsorbent by MSN. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction One of the major problem in environment is water contamination. The bad effect of water contamination will affect everything in this world such as human, animals and plants. It is because water is the main elements to support all living things and earth. Nearly all of water contamination is caused by human activities. Apart from human activities, water contamination is also caused by natural waste. From long time ago, the water contamination is studied by researcher. There are many technique and method to treat and remove contaminants in the waste water. It is for preserving both human and the environment in this world. Among all contaminant in water, dye is one of the contaminant that exist in the water. The waster that contain dye is mainly from industry that related to textile industry, plastic and paper. It contain up to 10% of used dye. It is proven that dye is dangerous to all living things due to its harmful behaviour of dye molecules and their metabolites is significant for the development of strategies to diminish their desperate damaging impacts (Hebbar, Isloor, Zulhairun, Sohaimi Abdullah, Ismail, 2017). In addition to having harmful adverse effect, the presence of colour in water is visually unpleasant and can destroy the entire ecosystem. One of the most effective method to overcome the problem of effluent water containing dye is by using adsorption technique. It has been proven to be very effective by many researchers. This is because adsorption method offers more advantages compared to other method especially in environmental aspects and its ease of operation, cost effectiveness, biodegradability as well as greater efficiency. 2.2 Dyes Dyes are produced all over the world with approximately 10 000 different type of dyes produced per year and it has been used extensively in so many industries. Most common industry that utilizing dye is textile industry and estimated to utilize around 7 ÃÆ'- 105 1 ÃÆ'- 106 tons (Malakootian et al., 2015). Dyes are used to dye a textile products, fur products, and others. Dye can be originated mainly from vegetables and also animal sources. There also the existence of synthetic dye that replacing the natural sources. The main function of dye are to add colour to a certain materials such as textile. Dye are also generally utilized as part of industry such as rubber, paper, cosmetic etc. Among these different industry, textile industry positions first in utilization of dyes for colouring of fiber. The dye are constantly left as major waste in these industries. Because of their compound structure, dyes are impervious to fading on presentation of light, water and numerous chemicals and this manner are hard to be decolorized once discharged into the nature or aquatic environment. Basically, dyes are ionising and aromatic compound. Inside the dyes, there are chromophores present in them. Based on their structures of the dyes, it has aryl rings that has delocalised electron systems. These structures are said to be responsible for the adsorption of electromagnetic radiation that has varying wavelengths, based upon the energy of the electron clouds. Dye can influence aquatics life, human wellbeing and environmental framework when dye wastewaters are greatly released wastewater into water sources due to complex compound in the dye. It has big complicated molecular structure and harmful properties. It in the end rolls out improvements of ecological system and other serious pollution issues. Dye wastewaters can contain harmful organic residue with the significant mixes of phenol derivatives, aniline derivatives, organic acid and benzene derivatives (Likhar Shivramwar, 2013) 2.2.1 Classification of Dye Dyes can be characterized into a few classes as per their utilization, for example, reactive, disperse, direct, vat, sulphur, cationic, acid and solvent dyes. The classification of dyes according their application is as shown in table 2.1. Table 2.1: General dyes classification and its application (Hunger, 2003) Class Principal Substrate Application Chemical Types Acid Dyes Nylon, Wool, Silk, Paper, Inks and Leather Usually from neutral to acidic dyebaths Azo (including premetallised), antraquinone, triphenylmethane, azine, xanthene, nitro and nitroso Cationic (Basic Dyes) Paper, Polyacrylonitrile, Modified Nylon, Polyester and Inks Applied Applied from acidic dyebaths cyanine, hemicyanine, diazahemicyanine, diphenylmethane, triarylmethane, azo, azine, xanthene, acridine, oxanine and anthraquinone cotton, Direct Dyes Cotton, Rayon, Paper, Leather and Nylon Applied from neutral or slightly alkaline baths containing additional electrolyte Azo, phthalocyanine, stilbene and oxanine Dispersed Dyes Polyester, Polyamide, Acetate, Acrylic and Plastics Fine aqueous dispersions often applied by high temperature/ pressure or lower temperature carrier methods; dye may be padded on cloth and baked on or thermofixed Azo, anthraquinone, styryl, nitro and benzodifuranone Reactive Dyes Cotton, Wool, Silk and Nylon Reactive site on dye reacts with functional group on fiber to bind dye covalently under influence of heat and pH (alkaline) Solvent Azo, anthraquinone, phthalocyanine, formazan, oxanine Solvent Dyes Plastics, Gasoline, Varnishes Lacquers, Stains, Inks, Fats, Oils and Waxes Dissolution in the substrate Azo, triphenylmethane, anthraquinone and phthalocyanine cotton Sulphur Dyes Cotton and Rayon Aromatic substrate vatted with sodium sulphide and reoxidised to insoluble sulphur- containing products on fiber Indeterminate structure Vat Dyes Cotton, Rayon and Wool Water-insoluble dyes Solubilised by reducing with Sodium hydrogensulphide, then exhausted on fiber and Reoxidised Anthraquinone (including polycyclic quinines) and indigoids Synthetic dye are being used extensively used in different dyeing industry with textile is leading industry that utilize it with 56% of world dye production annually. Its effluent contain critical level of organic contaminants, which are toxic as it will create odour, bad taste, unsightly colour, foaming, etc. These substances are often resistant to degradation by biological methods and are not removed effectively by conventional physico-chemical treatment methods. Removal of these dyes from effluents in an economic fashion remains a major problem for textile industries. 2.2.2 Methylene Blue Methylene Blue (MB) or also known as Methylthioninium Chloride was first synthesized at 1876 by a German Chemist, Heinrich Caro. Paul Guttman and Paul Ehrlich used MB in the treatment of Malaria dieses in 1891. During that time also, the function of MB as a dye were discovered and were used in First World War as a biological weapon and partially staining the soldiers. MB has many uses in different field, For instance, chemists use it to detect oxidizing agents and biologists use it to stain tissue samples and detect nucleic acids. In medicine, it is used as a treatment for various illnesses and disorders, including methemoglobinemia, schizophrenia, kidney stones, and herpes infections. In aquaculture, it is used to prevent freshwater fish eggs from being infected by bacteria and fungi (Methylene blue New World Encyclopedia, 2014) In term of dye application only, MB a basic blue dye used for dyeing silk, leather, plastics, paper, and cotton mordant with tannin as well as for the production of ink and copying paper in the office supplies industry. The release of this dye to earth is troubling for both toxicological and aesthetical reasons as dye hinder light infiltration, harm the nature of the accepting streams and are toxic to food chain organisms. The dye has a synthetic origin and complex aromatic molecular structures, it is an inactive and hard to biodegrade when released into waste streams. This perspective has dependably been neglected in their discharge. The removal of synthetic dye is of incredible worry since a few dyes and their degradation products might be cancer-causing agents and poisonous and, thus, their treatment cannot rely on upon biodegradation alone. Table 2.2: Properties of Methylene Blue (MB) METHYLENE BLUE IUPAC name 7-(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-3-ylidene]-dimethylazanium;chloride Properties Molecular formula C16H18ClN3S Molar mass 319.86 g/mol Density 43 600 mg/L at 25 Â °C Melting point 100 ÂÂ °C Boiling Point Decomposes Odour Odourless Solubility in water Soluble in ethanol, chloroform; slightly soluble in pyridine; insoluble in ethyl ether Adapted from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/methylene_blue#section=WIPO-IPC 2.2.3 Technologies for Dye Removal Dye are used widely in all sector to colour their product. In order to colour the product large amount of dye is used. Apart to colour their product the dye also been used as paper, and plastic. This will result in large amount of effluent containing dye as contaminant into the nature. According to study conducted by Axelsson et al. (2006), 10 50 % of the dye used in industry will go to effluent because of the dye molecule might react with hydroxyl ions in the solution giving rise to even more water-soluble hydrolysed molecules. Because of the good solubility of dye in water it will endangered the nature. It is also reported by Sapawe et al. (2012) that 15 % of the total world production of dyes is released in textile industry. This proves that from out of 7ÃÆ'-105 tons of effluent produce large number of dye is discharges as wastewater. Without further treatment to the effluent containing dye contaminant, it can cause extreme problems if not treated legitimately because of dyes are harmful, toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic to human life as well to another living organism (Sapawe et al., 2012). To treat the dye so many method had been introduced and the best method reported by Malakootian et al. (2015), is by using adsorption method and supported by Marrakchi, Ahmed, Khanday, Asif, Hameed (2017) due to some advantages. From all types of treatment, it can be classified into three categories which are divided for the technologies which are physical, chemical and biological. However, it is hard to treat the dye because of their synthetic origin and mainly complex aromatic structure. All of these technologies possess pros and cons. 2.2.3.1 Physical and Chemical Treatment There are numerous method falls under physical and chemical treatment such as anion exchange resins, cogulations, flotation, electroflotation, electrochemical destruction, irradiation, Ozonation,adsorption, and the use of activated carbon. Physical and chemical treatment is far more effective than biological treatment in decolourizing dye but it will use more energy, chemicals, and biological process hence increasing the capital cost for the treatment (Miao, 1992). Apart from that, it will lead to secondary sludge disposal problems and the release of large volumes of toxic by-products (Malakootian et al., 2015). 2.2.3.2 Biological Treatment Biological have three stages or phases. It is because before the effluent arriving to the biological phase, it will go through some physical and chemical treatment. For comparison to the physical and chemical method, physical and chemical treatment will treated physically or chemically without going through another phases. It is reported by Malakootian et al. (2015) that biological treatment is in effective in decolorizing water because most dyes as azo reactive dyes are highly water soluble, have complex structures, and are stable to light, chemical and biological degradation. The example of biological treatment are fungal biodegradation, bacteria biodegradation, yeast biodegradation, and microbial biosorption, Biological treatment has lower capital cost compared to physical treatment and chemical treatment (Miao, 1992). 2.3 Decolorizing of Dyes by Adsorption Process Absorption has been proved as the best method for treatment wastewater containing dye. It offers noteworthy advantages over customary treatment techniques particularly from the environmental perspective and its simplicity of operation and also more prominent efficiency. Some adsorbents, which are utilized for the expulsion of dye from aqueous solutions with differing achievement include activated carbon, magnesium oxide grafted chitosan, modified bentonite, TiO2 powder, TiO2 nanotube and others. Among all these materials, activated carbon is a standout amongst the most much of the time adsorbents utilized for the removal of dye from coloured waters and wastewaters, yet because of its high generation, recovery and reactivation procedure cost, research has been concentrated on alternative adsorbents with high adsorptive capacity and low cost. Therefore, recently there has been a lot of attention toward using nanotechnology methods. Nowadays using nanomethods, especially by using Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle, The large surface area allows for binding at a great number of active sites distributed within the framework of the porous materials. The large pores can overcome the pore-diffusion limitation and provide high-speed pathways for gas molecules (Rahman et al., 2015). Apart from that, it is reported that, Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle which is synthesized from natural sources claimed to safe in handling, cheap and can be generated from cheap resources (Norsuraya et al., 2016) which is bagasse ash in this case. Due to this advantages, the usage and studies regarding Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle increase exponentially as adsorbent. METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction The aim of this study is to synthesis Mesoporous silica from bagasse ash by using green route and to study the performance of the Mesoporous silica in wastewater treatment by utilizing aqueous methylene blue as the wastewater. The mesoporous silica is prepared by carrying out combustion of bagasse to produce bagasse ash and then using Sol-Gel method to make gel from the bagasse ash. The product of Sol-Gel method will undergo hydrothermal synthesis by using formaldehyde, water and without formaldehyde and water to synthesis Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle (MSN). The MSN produced will be characterize by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The performance study for wastewater treatment to treat aqueous methylene blue by using MSN will be test under four parameter which is the effect of pH, effect of MSN dosage, effect of initial concentration of the dye, and effect of temperature. The research methodology is summarized in the research flow chart in Figure 3.1 below. 3.2 Material and Methods In this study there are six stages of preparations and experiment. Which are the preparation of bagasse ash, preparation of silica gel from bagasse ash, production of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle (MSN), characterization of the MSN, Performance study of MSN and characterization of treated wastewater. 3.2.1 Preparation of Bagasse ash The material, apparatus and glassware needed for this stage as shown in table 3.1 Table 3.1: List of Materials, Glassware and Apparatus Materials Apparatus Sugarcane Bagasse Oven Furnace Sugarcane Bagasse can be collected from sugarcane juice hawker at Tampin, Negeri Sembilan. First step need to be taken is to cut the bagasse in small pieces and boil the bagasse to remove the remaining sugar in the bagasse, after that the bagasse need to be wash and rinse by using distilled water to remove impurities. After that, the bagasse will be subjected to oven drying process at 70Â °C 80 Â °C for 24 hours. To obtain ash from the bagasse, combustion are to be carried out in furnace at 800 Â °C for 3 hours at heating rate of 10 Â °C/min. The ash need to be collected and labelled as Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SBA). 3.2.2 Preparation of Silica Gel from Bagasse Ash (Sol-Gel Method) The material, apparatus and glassware needed for this stage as shown in table 3.2 Table 3.2: List of Materials, Glassware and Apparatus for Sol-Gel Method Materials Apparatus SBA Erlenmeyer Flask 1M Lye Solution (NaOH) (1 litre) Stirrer Distilled Water Beaker 1M Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4) Pipette (25 ml capacity) pH meter Boil 30g of Bagasse Ash and 1 L of 1M Lye Solution (NaOH) in Erlenmeyer flask for 1 hour with a constant stirring to dissolves the silica and produce a sodium silicate solution. Filter the solution through whatman No. 41 ashless filter paper and wash the residue with boiled distilled water. Let the filtrate to cool to room temperature. Reduce the pH of the solution to pH 7 by using 1M Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4) by using titration method and constant stirring. When gel form from the solution from the solution, age it for approximately 18 hours. After the ageing, gently broke the gel and centrifuge at 2500 rpm for 10 minutes. Discard the supernatant and transfer the gel into a beaker and dry for 11-13 hours at 80Â °C to produce xerogels. Wash with deionized water to remove minerals and impurities from the silica 3.2.3 Production of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle (Hydrothermal Synthesis) The material, apparatus and glassware needed for this stage as shown in table 3.3 Table 3.3: List of Materials, Glassware and Apparatus for Hydrothermal Synthesis Materials Apparatus Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) Conical Flask Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH) Stirrer Distilled Water Beaker Microwave Mix 0.64 g of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and 30 ml formaldehyde solution (37 wt %) in 100 ml closed conical flask and stir at 27Â °C for 5 minutes. Quickly add 2.8 ml NH4OH and stir for 30 minutes. Add 2.8 ml of silica prepared in Sol-Gel method and stir vigorously for 24 hours. Transfer the mixture to 100 ml beaker and place it in microwave at 800 Watt for 30 minutes. Filter the product and wash with deionize water and dried it overnight at 60Â °C. Calcinate the dried product in air at 540Â °C for 3 hours to remove surfactants in order to obtain MSNs. Repeat all step by replacing formaldehyde with water and without formaldehyde. The product form is Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle (MSN). 3.2.4 Characteriza

Cowboys in Kilts: The Failure of the Scenic in Rob Roy & Braveheart :: essays papers

Cowboys in Kilts: The Failure of the Scenic in Rob Roy & Braveheart There was recently a cartoon in the New Yorker magazine.The cartoon shows a group of kilt-clad Highlands charging up a hill, claymore swords drawn and waving, as one of them says to another, "You know, if we didn't wear this damn skirtsmaybe we wouldn't have to defend our manhood every five minutes." My analysis begins, as it will end, where most cowboy movies begin and end, with the landscape.Western heroes are essentially synedoches for that landscape, and are identifiable by three primary traits: first, they represent one side of an opposition between the supposed purity of the frontier and the degeneracy of the city, and so are separated even alienated from civilization; second, they insist on conducting themselves according to a personal code, to which they stubbornly cling despite all opposition or hardship to themselves or others; and third, they seek to shape their psyches and even their bodies in imitation of the leanness, sparseness, hardness, infinite calm and merciless majesty of the western landscape in which their narratives unfold.All of these three traits are present in the figures of Rob Roy and William Wallace--especially their insistence on conducting themselves according to a purely personal definition of honor--which would seem to suggest that the films built around them and their exploits could be read as transplanted westerns.However, the transplantation is the problem for, while the protagonists of these films want to be figures from a classic western, the landscape with which they are surrounded is so demonstrably not western that it forces their narratives into shapes which in fact resist and finally contradict key heroic tropes of the classic western. Howard Hawkes' 1948 Red River will serve as our example of the western model.The opening credits rise literally out of the landscape, and we're told in the opening narration that this is a story of the landscape, in that it recounts the first major cattle drive along the Chisholm trail from Texas to Abeline, Kansas.In the 1st scene we see a vastly open prairie with a small wagon train almost lost in its expanse.We discover immediately that Dunson (John Wayne) is leaving the wagon train to strike out on his own.The signature trait of Dunson is the first of the western hero's trademarks: once he's made up his mind, "nothing anyone says or does can change it"; despite the entreaties of the wagon master and his putative girlfriend, Dunson sets out south with only his friend, Tom Groot (played by Walter Brennan). Cowboys in Kilts: The Failure of the Scenic in Rob Roy & Braveheart :: essays papers Cowboys in Kilts: The Failure of the Scenic in Rob Roy & Braveheart There was recently a cartoon in the New Yorker magazine.The cartoon shows a group of kilt-clad Highlands charging up a hill, claymore swords drawn and waving, as one of them says to another, "You know, if we didn't wear this damn skirtsmaybe we wouldn't have to defend our manhood every five minutes." My analysis begins, as it will end, where most cowboy movies begin and end, with the landscape.Western heroes are essentially synedoches for that landscape, and are identifiable by three primary traits: first, they represent one side of an opposition between the supposed purity of the frontier and the degeneracy of the city, and so are separated even alienated from civilization; second, they insist on conducting themselves according to a personal code, to which they stubbornly cling despite all opposition or hardship to themselves or others; and third, they seek to shape their psyches and even their bodies in imitation of the leanness, sparseness, hardness, infinite calm and merciless majesty of the western landscape in which their narratives unfold.All of these three traits are present in the figures of Rob Roy and William Wallace--especially their insistence on conducting themselves according to a purely personal definition of honor--which would seem to suggest that the films built around them and their exploits could be read as transplanted westerns.However, the transplantation is the problem for, while the protagonists of these films want to be figures from a classic western, the landscape with which they are surrounded is so demonstrably not western that it forces their narratives into shapes which in fact resist and finally contradict key heroic tropes of the classic western. Howard Hawkes' 1948 Red River will serve as our example of the western model.The opening credits rise literally out of the landscape, and we're told in the opening narration that this is a story of the landscape, in that it recounts the first major cattle drive along the Chisholm trail from Texas to Abeline, Kansas.In the 1st scene we see a vastly open prairie with a small wagon train almost lost in its expanse.We discover immediately that Dunson (John Wayne) is leaving the wagon train to strike out on his own.The signature trait of Dunson is the first of the western hero's trademarks: once he's made up his mind, "nothing anyone says or does can change it"; despite the entreaties of the wagon master and his putative girlfriend, Dunson sets out south with only his friend, Tom Groot (played by Walter Brennan).

Obtaining a Competitive Advantage Through Cost Leadership and Different

This assignment will cover how a business can gain a competitive advantage over similar businesses in the same market using sources such as cost advantage and differentiation. What will also be discussed is the value chain model made by Porter, and this assignment will explain what the model was actually designed for. Furthermore, it will be explained how a business can use methods of competitive advantage through various stages of Porter’s Value Chain in order to help it maintain and increase the competitiveness of the business, and this will be done through assessing the operations of the business and locating exactly where any competitive advantage can be gained. Lastly, Porter’s value chain features 9 activities which can each be identified as being either a primary or support activity and what will then be explained will be how these primary and support activities can add value to a business, and whether or not support activities can be considered as being any more or any less important than a primary activity. It is suggested by many that there are two ways for a business to gain competitive advantage; this is done through either cost advantage or differentiation. Porter (2004, p.64) claims that cost advantage is when a â€Å"firm achieves a lower cumulative cost of performing value activities than its competitors†. A good example of this would be ASDA within the food retailer industry. ASDA (ASDA beats its full year sales and profit plan, 2009), known for their â€Å"commitment to everyday low prices†, are very much a cost-leading competitor in the food retailer industry and they stated that they beat their â€Å"full year sales and profit plan† for the fourth consecutive quarter in 2009 by introducing a â€Å"significant cost reduction prog... ...l Group (2008) Annual Report 2008: Our key strengths. [Online] Available at: http://www.homeretailgroup.com/ar/2008/review/keystrengths/p2.shtml (Accessed: 19/11/2011) Johnson, G., Scholes, K. (2002) Exploring Corporate Strategy: Text and Cases. 6th edn. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. McGeary, R. (2011) Anatomy of Market Research [Online] Available at: http://www.remnet.com/porter.html (Accessed: 14/11/2011) Millar, V., Porter, M. (1985) ‘How Information Gives You Competitive Advantage’, Harvard Business Review pp. 18-36. [Online] Available at: http://zaphod.mindlab.umd.edu/docSeminar/pdfs/Porter85.pdf (Accessed: 17/11/2011) Needle, D. (2000) Business in Context: An introduction to business and its environment. Third edition. London: Thomson Learning Porter, M. (2004) Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. New York: FREE PRESS.

Utilitarianism Essay -- essays research papers fc

Utilitarianism The concept of sustainable development is an attempt to balance two moral demands placed on the environment. The first demand is for development, including economic development or growth. It arises mainly from the interests of people who live in developing countries. Their present poverty gives them a low quality of life and calls urgently for steps to improve their quality of life. The second demand is for sustainability, for ensuring that we do not risk the future in the sake of gains in the present. This arises from the interests of people in the future who will need access to a reasonable quality of life, non-renewable resources, unspoiled wilderness, and a healthy biosphere. These two moral demands do conflict. In fact, economic growth is the prime source of threats to the natural environment. We have a rough sense of what a good quality of life for humans consists of. Also, we can make some rough judgments about when a person's quality of life has increased or decreased. Utilitarianism about future generations says that people should weigh these increases impartially with respect to times. And, in particular, should not prefer a smaller increase in the present well-being to larger increases in the future. We should try to maximize the sum of increases in well-being across times counting future lives equally against those in the present. Our moral goal should always be to produce the greatest total of such gains, no matter by whom they are enjoyed. Utilitarianism has been extensively discussed by philosophers, and many objections have been raised against it. Two objections are especially relevant here. First, utilitarianism is an extremely, even excessively demanding moral view for most humans. If we have a duty always to bring about the best outcome, than any time we can increase the well-being of others (which is just about at any time), we have a moral duty to do so. There is no moral time off, no moral relaxation, nor is there a moral holiday. Humans are always duty bound to sac... ... we can see that each generation should pass on to its successors a range of opportunities that allows for a reasonable quality of life. However, it should not be seen as a duty. If it is seen as a duty, then most humans may be turned off by the prospect of taking care of their environment for future generations. If it is seen by humans that our environment is a precious jewel, then we will more than likely want to share it with our future generations. Works Cited [1] Brian Berry, "Intergenerational Justice in Energy Policy." In D. MacLean and P. G. Brown, eds., Energy and the Future Totowa, NJ: Rowan and Littlefield, 1983 pp.274. Resources 1. Barry, Brian. "Intergenerational Justice in Energy Policy," in D. MacLean and P. G. Brown, eds., Energy and the Future Totowa, NJ: Rowan and Littlefield, 1983. 2. Danielson, Peter. "Personal Responsibility," in H. Coward and T. Hurka, eds., Ethics and Climate Change: The Greenhouse Effect Waterloo: Wilfred Laurier UP, 1993. 3. Sidgwick, Henry. The Methods of Ethics, 7th ed. London: Macmillan, 1907. 4. World Commission on Environment and Development. Our Common Future Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987.

Should a Concealed Weapons License Be Allowed in the U.S.

As citizens of the United States, we have the option if deemed necessary to possess a weapon and use it for self-defense. The Bill of Rights of the United States Constitution, second amendment states that we have the right to bear and keep arms. Because often high crime rate in some areas may be a reason why a citizen may choose to carry a concealed weapon. Crime is something that looks like it will be an unending situation that is not even close to going away. Possessing a weapon as a use for self-defense will help to protect a citizen when one needs to defend themselves. Others of us feel that firearms play an important role in our lives both from the standpoint of sporting and hunting as well as their application to principles f self-defense particularly when patients represent a high risk population† (Dante, 1996). One may agree that having a concealed weapon would decrease the crime rate but the question is, does it really make a difference? Criminals have a choice about c ommitting a crime or not. â€Å"Many believe that restricting access to firearms would result in a decrease in crime, especially violent crime.Others believe that restricting access to guns would have little to no effect on crime rates and would only trample the rights of US citizens to possess guns† (Gigs, 2009). Owning a gun is seed primarily for self-defense against a criminal and not to mention animals that are out of control. We Just need to keep in mind that a weapon is not a toy and that there are consequences to pay if not used correctly. Each individual state has its own laws on carrying a concealed weapon. Depending on which state that a citizen is a resident of is where it is based on whether a citizen can carry a concealed weapon permit.The different permits for carrying concealed weapons among states are shall-issue, may-issue, and right denied. Something to be aware about a concealed weapon permit is not all state permits are honored in another state. For exampl e, if one were to get a concealed weapons permit in California the permit will not be honored in Nevada. There are some advantages and disadvantages when it comes to being allowed to carry a concealed weapon and reasons why some of these laws may or may not be so lenient. Some states like Texas and Florida are liberalizing the laws for carrying a concealed weapon. Some states are tightening or toughening up the laws concerning obtaining a concealed weapon. These include Massachusetts and New York† (Dante, 1996). All citizens should have the right to carry within limitations. Is it true that there is a relationship between right to carry individuals and increase in violent crime? In Citizen defend thyself,: it states that the relationship between right to carry and high crime rates are actually lowered (Hood, 2009).GAO reports that as of March 2012, the right to carry law is currently allowed in all states, except Illinois. The laws aiding these states allow right to carry laws , and the argument still is skeptical of the research behind the tolerance of this law. Despite the research that points to the conclusion that violence is variable, public suspicion points that violence increases with the ability of a citizen to carry concealed arms. However, according to GAO, the amount of individuals issued concealed weapons permit is 8 million citizens.The United States census states the population of the United States currently as 314,441,706; the relationship displays that less than 3% of the overall population maintains a concealed weapons permit. The majority of the population does not carry a concealed weapon license. The relationship between the aspect of increased violent crime and right to carry does not seem substantiated u to such a low national ratio of concealed weapons license. In actuality, this will show that right carry laws provide a direct impact on preventing violent crimes than the assumption otherwise.Individuals need to base their priority on obtaining a concealed weapon's license on specific criteria. Each state varies on issuing a weapon's permit, background checks must be completed, and the extent of the background check varies with the state. According to Hood, right to carry laws should be evaluated on an individual basis, based on the area he or she is in, consistency of ravel, and prior background. The amount of applications that are denied a concealed permit is under the complete discretion of the state.Depending if the state has a may issue or shall-issue permit law, the discretion is normally used on the cause for the applicant. Hood explained that most applicants that apply for concealed weapon license is due to the fact of personal protection from a prior experience as a crime victim. A victim that has been directly affected by a violent crime may never feel safe without a concealed weapon at his or her side. A concealed weapon will be useful to he applicant if he or she has received threats or lives in a high crime area.If the individual lives in a high area of crime, the relationship between fear of a crime and when a crime will be committed is Just reason for the citizen to be granted a permit. In California, â€Å"issuing authorities (local law enforcement) told us that an example of a good cause is a business owner who may regularly retain cash on-hand used to pay employees. â€Å"(GAO, 2012, p. 13) How frequently an individual travels with a concealed weapon is also a basis of Judgment to consider issuing permits.If the individual's behavior produces an unwillingness to leave a weapon at home instead of carrying it across state repeatedly, this might show that in reality the person is not concealing a weapon Just in the high rate of crime area. This basis will work more effectively in preventing the wrong hands in acquiring a concealed weapon license. Simple background checks in some states such as Colorado, allow us to rethink the policies to issue weapons to the general pub lic. The necessity of right to carry and conceal on an individual basis will help avoid tragedies and catastrophe that shame our moral obligation to society's welfare.Right to carry laws does not interfere or cause violent crime in society. The presumption of citizens that carry a concealed weapon is the cause of society violent behavior need to be reevaluated based on research in high rate areas. The most important reason all citizens should have the right to carry arms based on an individual basis is because the passage of right to carry law actually lowers the incident of violent crime. Hood also explains that in New Orleans, the percentage of concealed weapons' carriers and the relationship to high crime is lowered in the eyes off permit holder.The use of a scientific survey to the general population in New Orleans shows most evidentially when questioned if their city was below the national crime average. In Hood's survey, 33% of non-permit holders believed it was lower, while 3 8% of permit holders believed their city was below the national average. However, the fact remains that the effects of right to carry laws vary across time, geographic context, and by the type of crime. Citizens are the variable in each equation and if you isolate all violent crimes into one group it would not benefit the scientific research inhibited concealed weapons.This relationship is caused by the type of crime, for instance an individual that was mugged will have a different experience if someone was sexually assaulted or raped. In Crime in economics and states, it explains that crime is subject also to the economic state of the country, not just type of crime. If a country economic state is poor, you would most likely see a reaction by an increase in theft. (Bessie, 1999) Obtaining a concealed license and the type of crime has to be evaluated and determined if the crime was avoided or it was cause of the crime.Citizens that can carry a concealed weapon feel safer in high rim e areas. The disadvantage of others that may be harmed due to the fact of a concealed weapon on person is the state of mind of the carrier. However, in light of concealed permit holders state of mind, this group feels the area around them is a much safer place than without a concealed weapon. The reality of Justifying good cause for a moral individual to be issued a concealed weapons permit will be a deterrent for violent crime to occur. Why is Japan considered to be the safest country?In Japan the crime rate is not so high and Japanese citizens can leave a bicycle unlocked without worrying about someone stealing it. The Japanese Justice Ministry's Research and Training Institute has, in its 1977 â€Å"White Paper on Crime,† compared domestic crime rates to those abroad and says that Japan is by far the safest industrialized nation in the world† (Douglas, 1977). Japan is known to be a safe place with less crime compared to the United States. Japan's gun-related crime ra te is only eleven deaths per year which is unbelievable when we look at the crime rate in the United States.The only weapons that are allowed in Japan are air guns and shotguns. The process to get a gun is rather lengthy. Japanese law, however, tarts with the 1958 act stating that â€Å"No person shall possess a firearm or firearms or a sword or swords,† later adding a few exceptions. (Fisher, 2012). To acquire a gun, a Japanese citizen needs to go through a one day class and passing a written test, passing a shooting range class, mental fitness and drug testing by a medical check- up. The medical reports need to be filed with the police.There is also a criminal background check that is required for the air gun or shotgun. Once all the requirements are met, you would need to provide all the necessary documentation on where the gun will be kept and locked in the house. The police are required to inspect the gun every year while re-taking a class and test every three years. The process is difficult and in my opinion would discourage a Japanese citizen from having a gun. Japanese citizens do not seem to have any issues about their gun laws.The gun control and laws are stricter in Japan, forbidding sales and buying of handguns, small-caliber rifles, and toy guns. A Japanese citizen could be charged with holding a gun, possessing and shooting unlicensed bullets if they were to shoot a gun. Although Japanese citizens are limited to owning air guns and shot guns, enforcing a concealed weapons license may not be something that Japanese citizens would consider because their police force takes care of their Job in a manner that one would not require one to own a handgun. Japan enjoys one other benefit that may be related to the low crime rate, an efficient police force and a tradition of citizen cooperation, which help give the country the highest arrest rate, relative to crimes committed, of all advanced nations† (Fisher, 2012). In conclusion, the fact rem ains that the effect of right to carry law varies across time, geographic context, and by the type of crime. All citizens should have the right to carry arms within limitation for two main reasons. First, right to carry law should be evaluated on an individual basis based on area he or she in is, consistency of travel, and prior background.But most importantly, the passage of the right to carry law lowers the incident of violent crimes. â€Å"As the respective examples of Luxembourg and Russia suggest, the kinds of people who murder will either find guns despite severe controls or will find other weapons with which to kill† (Amuser, 2006). The majority of people that apply for the concealed weapons licenses have been victims of crime. Owners of a concealed weapons license typically view their society a safer place. Plainsman (n. D. ) states â€Å"Robbery rates in right-to carry states were rising until the laws were passed and then fell continually after that point. Is there a â€Å"Robbery Effect If a person is unstable, then most likely they will not be able to complete the process to obtain a concealed carry license. It's not the license that causes crime, but it's the person's mentality. According to â€Å"The First Decade Of The Tennessee Handgun Permit Law Shows Very Good Results By Legally Armed Citizens In Tennessee† (2004), â€Å"There are o incidents that can be found where in a defensive incident a Tennessee Handgun Permit Holder shot or wounded in some manner, any innocent person.There are a number of defensive incidents where a Tennessee Handgun Permit Holder used his or her pistol to defend themselves or another party but, only the aggressor was harmed. † (Self-Defense Incidents Also Reflect Good Results). Q). If a no concealed carry law passes then that's only going to stop the law abiding citizens, not the criminals. Just because a person has a license to carry a concealed weapon, does not cause violent crime in society. Crime is created by the state of mind of the person with the weapon, not by the legality of owning a weapon.