ITPM Best Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ITPM Best Practices - Essay Example ITPM best act of moving gradually, that is, beginning with the littler spending classes fundamentally improves the arrival on speculations. Executing ITPM as a piece of a huge IT administration program improves the estimation of IT interests in an association. The ITPM procedure is the equivalent however the methodology may vary contingent upon the kind of business and the needs set for the general objectives inside the association. For instance, ITPM approach in an assembling organization contrasts from the methodology in a professional workplace. Assembling enterprises ventures are not lined up with the assets that they actualize or assign for their territories since numerous items are squandered and during production, and there is a high-turnover pace of work that prompts diminished profitability (Best Practices in IT Portfolio Management, n.d). Ending the hazard, Avoidance - It is considered as the best methodology and in this way more exertion ought to be put resources into examining it at every possible opportunity. Shirking or end necessitates that an undertaking or venture isn't done later on. It additionally implies that a procedure or work is updated in order to maintain a strategic distance from the hazardous advance. Moving the hazard, Transfer - In the exchange, another gathering is caused to acknowledge the hazard through contracting or supporting. A case of hazard move is the protection that utilizations contracts. Additionally, support directors or business firms use supporting to oversee money related dangers. Rewarding the hazard, Mitigation - It includes decreasing the effect of a specific hazard. The methodology is viewed as when the hazard isn't avoidable or transferable, and in this manner, the system is required to keep the misfortune or harm at satisfactory levels. Best Practices in IT Portfolio Management: MIT Sloan Management Review. (n.d.). MIT Sloan Management Review RSS. Recovered from

Mapping the Issue Free Essays

Tammy Lin ENGL 1302 051 Brittain 5/11/12 Trimming the Fat of a Growing Problem Obesity is turning into a significant issue to numerous Americans just as numerous individuals around the globe. Being the second reason for preventable demise in the United States, stoutness expands the danger of various unfriendly medical issues including bosom malignant growth, coronary illness, type II diabetes, osteoarthritis, colon disease, stroke, and that's only the tip of the iceberg. Heftiness is characterized as an overabundance extent of complete muscle versus fat, with an individual being viewed as large if their weight is 20% or increasingly better than average body weight. We will compose a custom exposition test on Mapping the Issue or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now A typical method to quantify stoutness is by computing the weight record. An individual is viewed as overweight if their BMI is between twenty five and thirty, while an individual is viewed as large if their BMI is more than thirty. All things considered, it has been assessed that sixty million Americans twenty years and more established are corpulent, which makes up 30% of the grown-up populace; in the mean time, 9,000,000 kids and youngsters ages six to nineteen are overweight. The quantity of overweight and hefty Americans has expanded since 1960, a pattern that gives no indication of easing back down. In this paper I will audit three principle positions with respect to the issue of approaches to move toward the duplicating pace of heftiness. To start with, there are the individuals who advocate for the usage of fat expenses. With the organization of duties on unfortunate nourishments and beverages, this gathering accepts that it will essentially debilitate the utilization of such food sources and will, thusly, advance solid and dependable eating. Second, there are the individuals who stay persevering in keeping up the security of one’s dynamic concerning food admission. With the extension of various sorts of food creation, this gathering considers an individual’s food inclination as extraordinary, selective, and individual. Third, there are the individuals who accept that bringing down the expenses of solid food sources will energize the acquisition of supporting and wellbeing profiting nourishments. They grasp the conviction that the vast majority would eat more beneficial if the food was progressively moderate. The principal position is the help of fat expenses. The individuals who remain in this position are the individuals who are worried about America’s general medical problem today, particularly the issues fixating on corpulence. Lisa Baertlin as of late ublished an article on Reuters, a global news organization headquartered in the UK, entitled â€Å"Battle Lines Drawn over Soda, Junk Food Taxes† in light of the wide-developing weight plague today, with the recommendation that fat charges could help spare people their wel lbeing and cash. She asserts that duties could help compensate for the in any event one hundred and forty seven billion dollars spent on rewarding sicknesses identified with heftiness and store programs that fight for this issue. As indicated by U. S. legislators, soft drink charge is one of the most plausible sources that would in all likelihood be utilized to handle medicinal services change. In relativity to the burdening of cigarettes, these individuals accept that by burdening pop, it would likewise also decrease utilization and its income stream; by burdening in excess of 10% for drinks, buys would be chopped somewhere near eight to 10%. As indicated by an ongoing Thomson Reuters overview included inside Baertlin’s article, â€Å"about fifty-eight percent of Americans are eager to hold up under a duty increment of one percent or more to help social insurance reform† (Baertlin 1), which demonstrates that the greater part of American residents are happy to step forward for the advancement of a solid country. Authors like Baertlin feel for the individuals who are in the focal point of the general wellbeing emergency today, explicitly â€Å"overweight youths who are beginning to endure issues that used to torment moderately aged adults† (1). Baertlin herself is supportive of overseeing fat expenses and is sure that demands on swelling nourishments are a basic factor of any enemy of heftiness try. The food business has a huge influence in the reasons for weight. Most food organizations are blamable of bogus commercial, which swallows shoppers into their unrealistic patterns. Writer Karlee Weinmann contributed a piece to Business Insider concerning food companies’ bogus notice. In the article â€Å"14 False Advertising Scandals That Cost Brands Millions†, Weinmann states that for organizations that go too far to making bogus cases, it can cost a great many dollars, while likewise confronting open cynicism. In any case, even with this stated, will organizations adjust their showcasing strategies for more prominent's benefit, or will they maintain their benefits as definitely more significant than a consumer’s option to know reality? More than likely, most brands will keep on bogus publicize their items, which is the reason these individuals in this gathering accept that fat assessments are proficient in bringing down utilization of pop and other wellbeing stripping nourishments. As indicated by Weinmann, â€Å"there’s a major distinction between pushing reality and making bogus cases. Is an item actually ‘scientifically proven’, and are ‘results guaranteed’? † (Weinmann 1). Food brands, for example, Activia yogurt, Splenda, Kashi, and Eclipse gum have been gotten with such bogus ad outrages; the more undesirable the food truly is, the more advantageous its organization would cause it to appear. Scholars like Weinmann relate to the individuals who have been deluded by beguiling food claims made by the organizations they trusted. In this way, supporters of fat expenses are sure that the usage of fat duties would illuminate these difficulties by making more mindfulness and mindfulness when buyers buy lousy nourishments. The subsequent position is the advancement of wellbeing training and that one’s food decision ought not be obstructed or impacted to lessen heftiness. The individuals who remain in this position accept that an individual ought to have options in the things the person in question purchase, and be faultless. In the article â€Å"Childhood Obesity: A Global Public Health Issue† distributed in International Journal of Preventive Medicine†, essayist Amar Kanekar states that the primary driver of youth weight in today’s general wellbeing emergency in both created and immature nations is a result of the disparity between the child’s caloric admission and the calories viably utilized for development/improvement and physical exercises. To these individuals, what we eat isn't the sole explanation of the reason for corpulence; hereditary, conduct, and natural are on the whole constituents of youth heftiness. Besides, numerous wellbeing related dangers are available when a kid is large; negative self-perception and low confidence unavoidably bring about mental and social issues. Cardiovascular illness, expanded cholesterol levels, and hypertension are on the whole conceivable potential wellbeing dangers included and that there is, to be sure, â€Å"preventive projects that help manage stoutness by instructing people about solid sustenance and diseases† (Kanekar 2). As indicated by a report introduced from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, in the long stretches of 2007-2008, there was an estimation that â€Å"16. % of youngsters and youthful in the age gathering of 2-19 years were obese†¦The information gathered for a similar period shows that the immature (age bunch 12-19 years) corpulence has expanded from 5. 0 to 18. 1%† (2). By telling individuals about wellbeing dangers and the significance of physical exercise, the possibility of weight could incred ibly diminish. The individuals who are genius food-decision would agree with Kanekar in that they accept there ought not be any immediate government intercession with food costs, however that there ought to be an open illuminating regarding the impacts usually eaten undesirable nourishments would result in. Kanekar, Baertlin, and Weinmann all accept that the commonness of stoutness found in kids and grown-ups is expanding and that some type of activity must be finished. While these journalists see and bolster the advantages of the decrease of lousy nourishment consumption, Kanekar is increasingly centered around proclaiming wellbeing training, with the expectation of bringing down BMI and the pace of weight gain. Every one of the three creators perceive the significance of bringing down utilization of greasy nourishments, however the situation here doesn't embrace the upholding of fat assessments. The third position is bringing down the expenses of solid nourishments. The individuals who remain in this position accept that by diminishing the expenses of restorative nourishments sold, there would be a propensity move in the people’s acquisition of greasy food sources to nourishments that are substantially more healthful. Columnist Katherine Bauer distributed an article entitled â€Å"Price and Availability Matter† in Room for Debate, a running analysis by outside benefactors from The New York Times, where she expresses the â€Å"lack of access to high caliber, sensibly evaluated products of the soil and other fortifying nourishments has been related with more unfortunate weight control plans and, much of the time, higher hazard for corpulence. This is particularly evident among lower-pay people whose buying propensities are progressively touchy to the expense of food† (Bauer 1). There is solid proof that shows a reasonable effect between change in food get to and the estimating on one’s buying propensities. For instance, there are programs that decline the expense of more beneficial nourishments, which brought about the expanded buying of the more beneficial food sources. Less expensive costs on sound nourishments lessen one’s weight, regardless of whether the expense of low quality nourishments continues as before cost. A news report directed from the USDA watched the BMI of kids and how it changed in relationship to food costs. It was indicated that â€Å"if the cost of 100% juice diminishes 10%, BMIs diminished . 3%. A similar procedure works for lowfat milk (. 35% abatement) and dim, verdant vegetables (. 28% decrease)† (2). In addition, Bauer iden

The Comic Scenes Of Dr. Faustus Essays - Deal With The Devil

The Comic Scenes Of Dr. Faustus At the point when I initially started perusing Dr. Faustus I didn't understand that there were funny scenes. Simply subsequent to being told and in the wake of viewing the film did I understand that there were funny scenes. Numerous pundits state that Christopher Marlowe didn't compose these scenes, yet rather state that they were composed later by different dramatists. In the wake of understanding that there was in reality satire in the play, I started to consider why it was in the play. My first idea was that they were there to help the temperament of such a dim and genuine play. Any great writer realizes that you can't hold a group of people's consideration with long stretches of genuine, profound and enthusiastic substance without likewise having something to help the state of mind. With this perspective I understood that it was truly conceivable that Mr. Marlowe didn't in actuality compose the comic segments of this play (I truly needed to accept that he kept in touch with them), possibly a later writer found that the play was excessively genuine. The way that I needed Marlowe to be the creator of the entire play (I don't care for it when somebody goes along a progressions a bit of workmanship, or that individuals state that somebody transformed it since it is simply unrealistic) made me burrow further to attempt to discover something that soun ded progressively reasonable to me. I would need to state that it was eight lines in scene five that were spoken by Mephastophilis in light of an inquiry from Faustus. These Lines were (pg.442 lines 110-125): Mephastophilis. Presently Faustus, ask what thou shrivel. Faustus. First will I question thee about hellfire: Let me know, where is the spot that men call damnation? Mephastophilis. Under the sky. Faustus. Ay, however whereabouts? Mephastophilis. Inside the guts of these components, Where we are tormented and remain until the end of time. Hellfire hath no restrictions, nor is delineated In one self spot; for where we are is heck, What's more, where damnation is, there we should ever be. What's more, to close, when all the world breaks up, What's more, every animal will be cleansed, All spots will be hellfire that isn't paradise. In addition to the fact that this is some exceptionally incredible verse it appears to say everything regarding the comic scenes. After I read this piece of the play I started to understand the motivation behind why the comic scenes are in this play. Mephistophilis is by all accounts saying that everybody that isn't in paradise, is in damnation. This implies everybody on earth is in hellfire. Mephastophilis says precisely this; ?for where we are is hellfire?. How did these lines put the comic scenes into point of view for me? It made me take a gander at the entire play from an alternate perspective. In the event that everybody that isn't in paradise is in heck, at that point everybody in this play is in damnation and has submitted some sort of wrongdoing. The scene wherein Lucifer accompanies the Seven Deadly Sins (Pride, Covetousness, Wrath, Envy, Gluttony, Sloth and Lechery) delineated the manners in which individuals submit sins. At the point when I revisited the play and took a gander at after I was illuminated, I saw that the comic scenes especially mirrored the scenes with Dr. Faustus. Take for example when Wagner invoked Baliol and Belcher (Scene Four) this is actually what Faustus did in the past scenes. The comic scenes that appeared to reflect what Faustus did, likewise appeared to expand the perusers information on how ground-breaking Faustus was. In all the scenes that others attempted to evoke the fallen angel, they couldn't deal with the villains and for the most part bombed in their endeavors. Take for example scene eight, lines twenty to forty-five, when Robin and Rafe invoked Mephastophilis they couldn't deal with seeing him and he transformed them into a primate and a pooch individually, on the grounds that they were simply messing around. This scene shows how amazing Dr. Faustus was and how genuinely he took enchantment. The other comic scenes either demonstrated how everybody in the play had submitted some sort of wrongdoing, or how Faustus utilized his enchantment to play immature tricks. Take scene five for instance when the Clown and Wagner are talking: Comedian. Be that as it may, do you hear? In the event that I should serve you, would you educate

Organizational Learning Success

Hierarchical Learning Success Presentation Many researchers have characterized hierarchical learning while at the same time considering key territories, for example, information creation, move and social change or modification. A generally acknowledged definition is that hierarchical learning is an unremitting procedure of information creation and obtaining just as moving a similar information with an impact of causing conduct modification.Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on Organizational Learning Success explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The final product is that there will be a showcase of an alternate information just as plausibility of coming about to an item which is profoundly esteemed (Nielson, 1997, p. 2). Focus has for quite a while been given to the information move stream from the profoundly created and modern western world. Despite what might be expected, the Asian piece of the world, which is a trick up area in innovation and practical advancement, has demonstrated incredible advancement drawing consideration from different pieces of the world. It has been seen that these locales Especially, China has indicated incredible monetary advancement not really by receiving the learning experience of the western pieces of the World however by utilizing and following different methods. Therefore there has been another attention on the learning and the board frameworks that are utilized in this piece of the world. Goals The destinations of the venture is look at fundamentally the break down any contrasts between the learning procedure of the western world that has customarily been utilized and other information move from different pieces of the non-western world, with China and its Chinese-firms both in China as a republic and its interests in other neighboring countries, for example, Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong. The fundamental motivation behind the task is to obviously furnish data that will assist financial specialists with an expec tation of building up and running effective business activities in that district. The chiefs should go through this data to accompany authoritative learning techniques that will concentrate on fusing the neighborhood staff, subsequently making possibility in their business activities in this locale. Writing Review Because of the achievement being developed in the Asian area, there has been a distinct fascination from speculation non-western speculators centering the systems utilized by china in its tasks. The perception has demonstrated that these countries have advanced effectively financially throughout the previous thirty years, regardless of the way that a monetary downturn hit the district. The advancement didn't accompany straightforwardness of a characteristic occurring, yet as a reaction from approach producers in the locale to consider a re-evaluation of formative techniques for the district while getting such a great amount to the hierarchical learning and frameworks of le arning utilized in china and its organizations in Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong. Dierkes et al, (2003. P. 716) affirmed that these organizations have a significant level of flexibility rather than their principle send out contenders like Japan.Advertising Looking for basic composition on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Due to strength, the Chinese firms have indicated an excellent level/level of corporate adaptability and adoptability padding them against showcase variances (Wolf, 2000, P. 8) Scholars’ fundamental concerns has been investigation of the feasibility of these Chinese and Chinese based firms to battle with social auxiliary and successive financial downturns in the locale. Do these organizations truly have a serious edge, with a for the most part acknowledged reality that they are little and medium measured firms? Can a center be given to them moving from the customary western based learning and the board frameworks? (Dierkes et al, 2003, p. 716). There is another center move from the Large Firms to little and medium estimated ones on Market. Qualities of Chinese Based Firms Presently, Chinese based firms are found in Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong. The organizations are little and medium measured (Yeung et al. 2011, p. 34. Also, these organizations don't improve in the procedures of creation however they mimic and utilize receptive techniques to contend in the market. Subsequently, they are described with an absence of noteworthy access to cutting edge innovations and markets delighted in by western based frameworks of Europe, Japan and USA (Dierkes et al, 2003, p. 716). Besides, the organizations don't put to a full degree in the field of innovative work as do their profoundly serious neighbors like Japan, rather the vast majority of their serious edge originates from delivering at live cycle periods of the items, in spite of the fact that Jacobson Ro bertson call attention to that RD receiving has been demonstrated that it has minimal mechanical upheaval (2011, p. 274-275). Learning systems and procedures If these organizations are little and medium in size, the greatest riddle is then how would they gain section to the serious market and innovation? They utilize supportive and imitational strategies to get the entrance (Yu, 2007). This has given them a serious edge against the exceptionally evolved countries. The viewpoint is that these organizations are tenderfoots both in innovation and to the business sectors. Chinese based firms make impersonation and advancement through figuring out how to gain proficiency with the procedures utilized by the western frameworks (Watkins Ehst, 2008, P. 4). Learning in systems Firms in these Chinese business areas of Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong make a system both locally and universally with other set up western frameworks. Since the organizations are not imaginative in nature, and attrib utable to the way that they are newbies to the innovation and markets, they are subcontracted by huge firms having a place with profoundly created western frameworks to complete creation of very good quality products. Through such agreements, Chinese firms and their partners get bits of knowledge into the innovation utilized its rivals, makes systems to copy and build up that innovation to deliver generally top of the line merchandise for the market. Learning as such has the benefits of being snappy and assenting. This has profoundly upgraded their procedure of information move, procurement and utilization.Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on Organizational Learning Success explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Inter-firm collaboration The organizations in this district of the world being newbies to the innovative universe of creation endeavor to improve their items through information amassing and disguise prompting information on delivering products as of now on advertise. (Dierkes et al. 2003, p.721). There exist likewise key coalitions. Key unions The partnerships have a particular objective. The focal point is that they are brand explicit, that is, enormous name brands. It appears that they comprehended the powerful computational edge both innovatively and marketwise these brand names posture to them. The most ideal approach to contend along these lines was to frame unions, collusions as well as key coalitions so they are subcontracted to create in the interest of the enormous name brands. This is obvious in the Chinese cell phone industry (Cheung, 2005, p. 267) Forming key coalitions is additionally another learning methodology utilized by Chinese firms as their Learning procedure. They target brand name pioneers of through arrangement of joint endeavors with these imaginative Firms. Their administrations additionally give them some help. Government bolster One method of cultivating hierarchical taking in is throu gh help from an administration. Asian economies of Taiwan and Singapore have encountered development, due to the governments’ making of a strong domain, particularly to human resources. Human asset is the adapting part, in this manner its accessibility and expertise level effects adapting emphatically. It is likewise normal for the Governments in these districts to give and make positive authoritative learning conditions through arrangement of fundamental human asset preparing, arrangement and spreading required creation and advertising information and offering dies down to innovative work focusing on significantly, key enterprises and Firms for information move. In spite of this, these organizations despite everything face a few obstructions to hierarchical learning. Accessible methods of learning in the locale Subcontracting versus structure/improvement and advertising/conveyance They all lead to hierarchical learning with the exception of that plan and advancement is typ ically utilized by western based frameworks. The most accessible is subcontracting where the merchandise are delivered dependent on a unique gear permit. A preferred position of subcontracting is that it is practical, encourages access to modest work and decreases out of line showcase rivalries rather than plan and development.Advertising Searching for basic composition on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Innovative work versus impersonation Research and advancement is equipped to information creation by taking an item through its life cycle. Learning can likewise be accomplished through impersonation of an item which is now at its life cycle stage. Albeit both lead to learning in an association, RD takes quite a while and thusly isn't altogether reasonable for make up for lost time economies in Asia. Dispersion of innovation versus human asset preparing Diffusion of innovation includes the western frameworks that move information to non-western frameworks like china and its organizations through worldwide systems. Then again, another accessible procedure material in the area is production of information through preparing to make talented human asset, in the field of remote innovation and market patterns. The eminent contrast between the two is that human asset preparing does not have that capacity to uncover a learning association to a hands-on involvement with the long short

The Mayor of Casterbridge An In-Depth Look at the Insignificance of Human Life - Literature Essay Samples

Cormac McCarthy, the author of No Country for Old Men, said about the purpose of human existence, â€Å"The point is there ain’t no point.† This nihilistic outlook on life became common long before McCarthys time. The highly industrial and scientifically groundbreaking 19th Century marked a dramatic authorial shift from the optimistic, spiritually centered ideas of the Romantics one-century prior. In literature, humanistic, flawed protagonists replaced the traditional heroes of yore, as authors were no longer afraid to question the veracity of God and the purpose of life. One of the earliest works to reflect these new, controversial ideas was Thomas Hardy’s The Mayor of Casterbridge. Detailing one man’s rise and fall during the late 19th century, the novel became known for Hardys accurate portrayal of rural life and his unique perspective on how industrialization affected British society during that time. Significantly, Casterbridge is an early manifes tation of the nihilist movement because of its innovative, individualistic, anti-heroic, and cynical themes. According to the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, nihilism is the belief that all values are baseless, and that human beings can never really know or communicate anything. The nihilist belief system is an extreme form of pessimism often associated with radical contrarian movements (e.g. anarchy). It is based on the writings of German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, who claimed that life has no objective order or structure except for what people give it, and once humans realized this, they would discover that the rejection of moral and religious institutions would set human kind on the correct course (IEP.edu). The nihilist movement has gone on to inspire numerous modern novels and films, and philosophers today see it as the most vital of school of thought to arise following the Industrial Revolution.Aside from understanding the concepts associated with nihilism, it is also critical that the reader be familiar with the major characters of Casterbridge (the town in which the story takes place) in order to fully contextualize Hardys novel. The first and most dominant character, Michael Henchard, is a middle-aged, successful corn merchant and town mayor who sold his wife, Susan, and his daughter to a sailor as a result of being in a drunken rage eighteen years before the novel takes place. The character Donald Farfrae is a young Scottish businessman who earns the admiration of the townspeople with his liberal, free market ideas, and ultimately becomes Henchard’s power-obsessed rival throughout the novel. Finally, there is Elizabeth-Jane, Henchard’s supposed long-lost class-obsessed daughter who endures the hardships of being caught in the middle of Henchard and Farfrae’s business competitions. These three characters are the crux of the novel’s nihilist message, as each comes to realize that life is, on the whole, meani ngless. In Casterbridge, the unbalanced struggle between progressive ideas and tradition reflects Hardys nihilistic belief that individual conventions are meaningless and only serve to hold society back from reaching its full potential, even though human beings will never stop their efforts to continuously advance themselves. Undoubtedly, the 19th century was an era of immense scientific and technological advancement. Electric light bulbs, dynamite, machine guns, and automobiles represent only a fraction of the multitude of innovations that developed during this time period. However, while these inventions were certainly revolutionary, many of them went against the traditions that people were accustomed to. In fact, it is probable that many individuals feared industrialization, because of the common belief that machines would soon take over jobs that previously only people could do. Regardless, technology eventually superseded these uncertainties, and society has not stopped p rogressing mechanically or ideologically since the Industrial Revolution. The struggle between innovation and tradition is at the core of Casterbridge, as Hardy clearly represents via the opposing business ideologies of Henchard and Farfrae. Henchard is traditionalistic, impulsive, and closed-minded towards modern ideas. In fact, at one point in the novel he goes as far as to insult Farfrae by calling him a â€Å"jackanape† for introducing a horse-drill to the community in the hopes of further advancing the corn business. However, it is Henchards ignorance that eventually results in the downfall of his character. The town ultimately denounces him for his unwillingness to change, and as a result, the community goes on to support Farfrae on his endeavors. On the contrary, Hardy presents Farfrae as industrial, economical, and indulgent towards revolution. As the novel progresses, Farfrae’s tolerance prevails over Henchard’s traditionalism, and ultimately Henchar d dies without ever being able to fully utilize his abilities. Had Henchard simply accepted Farfrae’s radical business ideas, the duo could have merged to create a highly successful corn commerce, but Henchard would not stray from his strict adherence to custom. Thus, Hardy makes it clear that although humans tend to carry traditions for lifetimes, in reality, these beliefs are insignificant burdens that only serve to limit society from progressing efficiently. Another conflict that Hardy presents in Casterbridge is between individuality and community. It is probable that he included this paradox for a similar purpose as the anti-traditional elements. The nihilistic belief is that although morality and concern for others are human-defined responsibilities that people attempt to abide by, these practices are futile once life is over. The idea of individualism became popular during the Romantic period, and by the late 19th century it had expanded into a full-fledged philos ophy. Irish author and poet Oscar Wilde sums up the ideology tersely and effectively in his essay The Soul of Man Under Socialism, â€Å"It is not selfish for a man to think for oneself. A man who does not think for himself does not think at all† (107). However, much like industrialization, the public also feared individualism because it went against the established norms of society. Nevertheless, the concepts of individual freedom and liberty outlived these insecurities, and eventually became the basis for popular belief all over the world (e.g. The United States). In the context of Casterbridge, Hardy showcases this dilemma through the competition between Henchard and Farfrae. Although Hardy portrays Henchard as being stern and tough as a boss, he also describes him as being caring and personally involved with his staff. For instance, Hardy mentions that prior to the events of the novel, Henchard took care of Able Whittle’s (one of his employees) mother financiall y for an entire winter. However, at the same time it is Henchard’s collective approach to leadership that ultimately results in another one of his weaknesses: he is overbearingly involved in the community that he leads. Although his intentions are rooted in good, his domineering concern for everyone eventually pushes him beyond his limits and ultimately turns the town of Casterbridge against him. This becomes overwhelmingly apparent when Henchard drags Whittle out of bed in his underwear for being late to work. While this action is merely Henchards attempt to improve Whittle’s character, it only serves to embarrass Whittle (he considers suicide following the event) and strike fear into the other employees. In contrast, Hardy portrays Farfrae as taking a laissez-faire approach to business, and once he replaces Henchard as mayor, he allows his employees to work without getting too involved in their daily tasks. For the most part, the townspeople praise Farfrae for t his practice. In fact, Whittle states that although the workers are paid less and work more under Farfrae’s leadership, they are happier than they were under Henchard, for they no longer fear the wrath of their former boss. Again, Henchard’s good intentions ultimately prevented his business from reaching its full potential, as the fear he struck into his workers turned them against him. This further adds to the idea that Henchard dies without being able to fully utilize his skills as an entrepreneur, and that morals and character are relative, human-defined ideas that mean absolutely nothing once life is over. Aside from showcasing the insignificance of both tradition and communal morality, Hardy also makes the point that all humans die the same death regardless of their heroism. Literature from the late 19th Century marked a dramatic shift away from the classical and Byronic heroes of the Romantic Period. Authors stopped highlighting their characters supernatural abilities in favor of emphasizing human flaws, emotions, and limited power. Additionally, writers dropped the common archetypes of protagonist and antagonist in exchange for characters that showcased traits of both. In Casterbridge, heroism is almost non-existent, for each character has both positive and negative qualities that reflect their truthful human nature. Henchard is caring but bad-tempered, Farfrae is understanding but power-hungry, and the entire town of Casterbridge is both supportive of its own but also obsessed with gossip. If anything, Henchard’s brute strength is the closest Hardy comes to portraying the emblematic Romantic hero. Henchard, whom Hardy describes as incredibly strong and tall, displays amazing physical abilities throughout the novel. His feats include taking down a bull with his bear hands to save Elizabeth-Jane as well as defeating Farfrae in a duel with one hand tied behind his back. However, in an almost mocking fashion, Henchard dies w ith nothing at the end of the novel. His achievements in protecting Elizabeth-Jane and defeating Farfrae end up being pointless, as the pair end up marrying at the story’s finale and Farfrae goes on to completely take over Henchard’s old business. In essence, regardless of his heroic efforts and supernatural abilities, Henchard experiences the same suffering that non-heroic humans experience and dies a common death. Thus it is clear that Casterbridge is a cynical novel, and it is this overwhelming pessimism that makes the narrative a distinct reflection of the nihilist movement. Considering the aforementioned transition from heroism to humanism that was typical of the late 19th Century, it would only make sense that authors of this period would also accept the philosophical possibility that life might be completely worthless, and as a result apply it to their characters. Hardy, being no stranger to nihilism, also referenced the idea of hopelessness in his well-know n poem â€Å"The Darkling Thrush.† The poem reflects upon the glumness Hardy felt towards the new era, stating, â€Å"That I could think there trembled through/ His happy good-night air/ Some blessed Hope, whereof he knew/ And I was unaware† (lines 29-32). In essence, Hardy felt that the 20th Century would consume the ideals of the Romantic period, and the conclusion of the piece (the cited set of lines) leaves the reader with absolutely no hope regarding the coming of the new age. In a similar fashion, Casterbridge leaves the reader with no optimism regarding the lives of the living characters at the end of the novel. In the conclusion of the story, Elizabeth-Jane acknowledges that happiness only accounts for a small portion of the overall dramatic mess that is life. Furthermore, it is obvious that Farfrae will become too consumed by his business to truly have any compassion for his newly acquired wife. Thus upon completing the novel the reader is left with nothi ng, which is the central idea of nihilism. While Hardy’s The Mayor of Casterbridge is assuredly morbid and depressing for most readers, its influence on the nihilistic ideological developments of the late 19th and early 20th Centuries is abundantly clear. In addition, the themes and philosophical arguments it sparked continue to inspire and reappear in modern novels and films (the works of the Coen brothers instantly come to mind). Although it is unquestionably saddening and discouraging to ponder whether or not human existence truly has any sort of purpose, it is important to acknowledge Casterbridge and its nihilistic theme for further expanding the realm of human thought and bringing new ideas to the public consciousness. As a result of nihilistic thought, people came to understand the power of individuality. Annotated BibliographyHardy, Thomas. â€Å"The Darkling Thrush.† Poets.org. The Academy of American Poets, n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2010. This poem by Thomas Hardy describes the transition between the 19th and 20th Centuries. While many people assuredly saw the new era as a time of celebration and praise, Hardy was more pessimistic, fearing that the age would consume the ideals that were developed in the Romantic period. In regards to the criticism, the poem is included in an effort to help the reader better understand Hardy’s nihilistic views on life. To fully support the thesis, it is vital that the reader comprehend that the novel is not the only pessimistic work that Hardy published, and that instead he was deeply rooted in the development of the nihilist belief system.Hardy, Thomas. The Mayor of Casterbridge. New York: Norton Co., 1977. Print. Primary TextPratt, Alan. â€Å"Nihilism.† Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. The IEP, 23 April 2001. Web. 15 Dec. 2010. This page provides a description and history of the nihilist movement. Originating from German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, the philosophy has gone on to inspire countless modern novels and films, and has been the subject of moral debate ever since its inception. Understandably, nihilism is not the most well known ideology to come out of this time period. Thus in order to fully be able to extend the concepts presented in this criticism to the reader, it is crucial to first have them understand what nihilism is and how it came to be during the era in which Casterbridge was written. Wilde, Oscar. The Soul of Man Under Socialism. The Literary Collector Press, 1905. Print. This essay by Irish author and poet Oscar Wilde explicates his ideas on the topics of individualism, freedom of thought, and human liberties. In what is quite possibly the most well known section of this work, Wilde explains that people who do not think for themselves do not think at all. This mentality reflects the newfound concepts of the late 19thand early 20th centuries regarding humanism and the power of the individual, and also marks a significant expansion of the classically liberal ideas that arose during the Romantic period. In regards to this criticism, Wilde’s essay helps define and support the individualistic ideas that are represented in The Mayor of Casterbridge. In order to truly show just how drastically this philosophy had advanced from previous centuries, it was crucial to include a relevant text that was published during the era in which the novel was in print.

Two Sides of the Same Coin How Gender Is Depicted in Poetry - Literature Essay Samples

Sir Thomas Wyatt, according to Peter Hà ¼hn, is not only recognized as one of the most important poets in the revival of the sixteenth-century English lyric, but he is also remembered for establishing the conventions of Petrarchan love in the English lyric both with his translations from the Italian and poems of his own. In his poem, as a matter of fact, he follows â€Å"the basic situation with which the Petrarchan conventions operate, that is that of a man wooing a socially superior lady in a courtly context where, for social and moral reasons, his desire cannot be fulfilled† (16). However, Wyatt poem â€Å"They Flee from Me† could not be more different from the description provided by De Gruyter. Indeed, even though this poem was intended to be a love poem, it reveals and subverts the stereotypical gender dynamics of the 16th century since it is the woman the one who gets slowly in control of the situation. On the other hand, Adrienne Rich is a feminist poet who foc used both on â€Å"women’s history and movement† as well as on women’s oppression (Riley 1), and, as a consequence, it is not surprising that she wrote her poem â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers† with the purpose to serve as a feminist poem. Indeed, the poem was written in 1951, a time in which there were much fewer options for women in terms of careers and family planning, so that most women were not financially independent. Thanks to both poem, we get a glimpse into the lives of the Wyatt and of the Aunt Jennifer’s of the world, and a glance into the ways in which gender construction affected and still affect us. Sir Thomas Wyatt’s â€Å"They Flee from Me† is a poem in which the speaker, Wyatt himself, challenges the normal Renaissance gender constructions. The poem is divided into three stanzas, each of which shows the progressive increase of a woman’s power. The first stanza, for instance, shows the typical male-dominant relationship so that the author does not refer to a single woman but talks in general always referring to the woman with the more generic pronoun â€Å"they†: They flee from me that sometime did me seek With naked foot, stalking in my chamber. I have seen them gentle, tame, and meek, That now are wild and do not remember That sometime they put themself in danger To take bread at my hand; and now they range, Busily seeking with a continual change. (1-7) Indeed, in the first three lines, the speaker reveals that he was used to submissive women, who were willing to endanger their lives to stay with him. Yet at the end of the first stanza, he also re veals that these women, who once were submissive and â€Å"tame,† are now taking it upon themselves to seek out whatever sexual partner they please. The speaker also implies that women are never satisfied and that they have an insatiable appetite for â€Å"a continual change† (7). Nevertheless, In the second stanza, the relationship that the speaker has with these women flips, from being male-dominated, to being female-dominated. The dominant gender’s change is reflected in a modification in the speakers use of pronouns. If before he referred to women in general, as if the whole category could be in his possession, now he refers only to one specific woman, who exercises control over him: Thanked be fortune it hath been otherwise Twenty times better; but once in special, In thin array after a pleasant guise, When her loose gown from her shoulders did fall, And she me caught in her arms long and small; There with all sweetly did me kiss And softly said, â€Å"Dea r heart, how like you this?† (8-14) The speaker admits that this particular woman is reversing the gender roles established in the first stanza by taking control of the situation and seducing him. However, the speaker does not seem to mind these night visits, indeed he admits that they are â€Å"twenty times better† (2), and he seems to particularly appreciate the womans way of dressing. In line ten, he admits that what makes this woman so special is her dressing â€Å"in thin array,† that is to say that this woman wore sexy, â€Å"elaborate and beautiful clothing† (OED). Moreover, in line twelve, he also acknowledges that he was caught in the womans arms, which are apparently long and small. By saying that he was caught in the woman’s arms, the speaker may be suggesting that that they were embracing each other, but he also reminds us of hunting and traps, as if the speaker is no longer in control of the situation. Furthermore, instead of saying she caught me, he says â€Å"she me caught† (13). This inversion can just be a stylistic trick used by Wyatt to stick to the iambic pentameter rhythm, but it can also be a trick used to emphasize the word â€Å"caught† and the man consequent loss of power. Then, the woman kisses the man, and, to underline her position of supremacy, she asks him whether he liked the kiss or not. Now, the woman is not just exerting control over the man, but she is also mocking him, by assuming a behavior that would be typically associated to a man. By the third stanza, it is clear that the male seducer is the seduced and that the female character is the aggressive hunter. However, in this last stanza, the speaker appears confused since he is not able to fully comprehend their relationship: It was no dream: I lay broad waking. But all is turned thorough my gentleness Into a strange fashion of forsaking; And I have leave to go of her goodness, And she also, to use newfangleness. But since that I so kindly am served I would fain know what she hath deserved. (15-21) The speaker is apparently confused, so that he has to repeat to himself that what had happened was not a dream but the reality. His confusion stems from the fact that in the Renaissance period gender roles were clearly defined, and they were rarely openly challenged. He also confesses that the relationship they were having was not exclusive since both are allowed â€Å"to use newfangleness† (19), so both could have been â€Å"easily carried away by whatever is n ew† (OED). In the final lines, the speaker becomes more sarcastic and suggests that her beloved left him because he was being too kind, blaming himself for this outcome. Indeed, the roles of the man and the woman, as they were presented at the beginning of the poem, have now completely reversed, until the point that the speaker has become the one who is â€Å"gentle, tame, and meek† (3). Adrienne Rich’s â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers† is a three stanzas poem that tells the entire story of aunt Jennifer’s life. By contrasting the movement of the tigers with the stillness of Aunt Jennifer, the poem explores the controlled condition of women. Indeed, the poem opens with the description of the tigers: Aunt Jennifers tigers prance across a screen, Bright topaz denizens of a world of green. They do not fear the men beneath the tree; They pace in sleek chivalric certainty. (1-4) Instead of opening the poem with a description of Aunt Jennifer, Rich opens the poem with a description of her tigers. In the first line, the speaker describes the way in which the tigers move by saying that they â€Å"prance across a screen;† this description implies that the tigers move in a lively fashion, perhaps arrogantly. The speaker may be using the word topaz for its golden color, or topaz may be a representation of the strength and impenetrability of the ti gers since the ancient Greeks believed that topaz had the ability to increase the strength of those who wore it, and Egyptians thought that it could protect people from physical harm (â€Å"Topaz†). The tigers certainly seem to be aware of their own power since they have no fear of â€Å"the men beneath the tree† (3). In the last line of the first stanza, the tigers â€Å"pace in sleek chivalric certainty†. The pacing of the tigers may represent fluid and controlled motion, as compared to the frolicking movement of the first line. In the second stanza, the speaker finally introduces some details about Aunt Jennifer. The speaker reveals us that Aunt Jennifer finds herself weighted by her marriage ring given her by the narrator’s uncle. Yet, Aunt Jennifer’s hands are the only details that the speaker reveals about her, and which work as a synecdoche for her personality: Aunt Jennifers finger fluttering through her wool Find even the ivory needle hard to pull. The massive weight of Uncles wedding band Sits heavily upon Aunt Jennifers hand. (5-9) Aunt Jennifer’s hands are described as intimidated, enchained, and shaking. Unlike her tigers, Aunt Jennifer is presented as an insecure person who feels oppressed by her marriage. The narrator does not tell us if Aunt Jennifers husband is alive or not, yet in the last line of the quatrain the narrator reveals to us that the ring â€Å"Sits heavily upon Aunt Jennifers hand,† so the presence of the husband oppresses her even only through the mem ory that the ring arouses. This quatrain also adds another detail about the tigers: if in the previous stanza we discover that the tigers are in a screen, now we can deduce that the screen is actually an embroidery created by Aunt Jennifer. In the last stanza, the narrator imagines what will happens once Aunt Jennifer will be dead, and asserts that not even death will put an end to the command of her husband over her: When Aunt is dead, her terrified hands will lie Still ringed with ordeals she was mastered by. The tigers in the panel that she made Will go on prancing, proud and unafraid. (10-14) According to the narrator, what will provoke Aunt Jennifers death will be the prolonged oppression to which she is subjected. However, her death will not be forgotten: the tigers she has painted will continue to live in the future and will symbolize her will to be free and rebel from a male-dominant relationship. Yet, this poem does not show only the dynamics that characterize the relationship between Aunt Jennifer and her husband, but it also shows the point of view of the niece. The niece, along with the tigers, represents the change that has occurred from one generation to the other. Through the description offered by the ni ece, the reader can understand that she is not subjected to the same dynamics to which the aunt was subjected; indeed, both the niece and the tigers are the product of an extremely patriarchal generation that no longer accepts this old mindset. What the poem wants to highlight is that the mindset has started changing, but it does not say that the patriarchal societies have been completely eradicated; it just suggests that it is possible to put them to an end if the mindset changes. Both Wyatt and Rich’s poem can be analyzed to observe different gender dynamics and the different kind of relationship that can occur between men and women. Yet, on one hand, Wyatt amazes the reader by presenting a story that the reader would not expect, in which the woman is the â€Å"predator† and the man is the â€Å"poor victim.† On the other hand, Rich confirms and highlights the disparity that occurs between man and woman, and how this disparity can lead to toxic relationships that can affect one of the two partners for life. Works Cited array, n. OED Online, Oxford University Press, March 2018, www.oed.com/view/Entry/10979. Accessed 20 April 2018. Hà ¼hn, Peter, and Jens Kiefer. The Narratological Analysis of Lyric Poetry : Studies in English Poetry from the 16th to the 20th Century, De Gruyter, Inc., 2011. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.jcu.idm.oclc.org/lib/johncabot/detail.action?docID=3041939. newfangledness, n. OED Online, Oxford University Press, March 2018, www.oed.com/view/Entry/126553. Accessed 20 April 2018. Rich, Adrienne. â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s Tiger.† 1951. Riley, Jeannette E. Understanding Adrienne Rich. University of South Carolina Press, 2016. Understanding Contemporary American Literature. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=nlebkAN=1221948site=ehost-live. â€Å"Topaz.† Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 24 Jan. 2018, www.britannica.com/science/topaz. Wyatt, Sir Thomas. â€Å"They Flee From Me.† 1557.

Essay about Hamlet - 3448 Words

Hamlet William Shakespeare is seen to many as one of the great writers in history. More specifically, the characters in his plays are reviewed and criticized and have been so for nearly four centuries. The character that many have revered Shakespeare for is perhaps the greatest such character ever in literature, Hamlet from Shakespeares Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. The commentary and response to this legend of literature is of wide array and opinion, though most, such as Pennington, believe him to be a truly magnificent character: Hamlet is perhaps the cleverest hero ever written, the subject of the first European tragedy, a form of genius. A type Shakespeare despaired of writing thereafter, having perceived that the heroes of†¦show more content†¦However, powers which included nothing short of spirits and cosmic order would eventually pull Hamlet into his never-ending pit of doom. However, what made Hamlets monumental downfall so especially tragic was that this man had so much to give and was so special, as many to this day believe. Knights saw reflection of Hamlets intellect several times: Hamlet is indeed, an intellectual man, given to reason and reflection, the working of his mind, is largely at the services of rejection and disgust that are indiscriminate in their working (66). The complements about Hamlet mentally, psychologically, and intellectually didnt stop there. This was clearly a man who stood out during his time for his amazing character and intellect: By implication, and by the words of other characters, Shakespeare gives Hamlet qualities familiar in the best of the Renaissance Englishmen (Lamar 65). It appeared as if Shakespeare had a special care and idea when he created Hamlet, a man so finely in tune with his intellect and so evidently different from the others of his dark, and at times evil time. Perhaps the goal of Shakespeare was from the start to create a man whose ideals and qualities far exceeded those of others during his time. It may even seem that Shakespeares goal was toShow MoreRelatedHamlet Madness In Hamlet1293 Words   |  6 Pages When reading Shakespeare’s Hamlet as a class, the first thing that most teachers or professors point out is the argument/idea of sanity, specifically Hamlets sanity. I believe that Hamlet is, in fact, feigning his madness. What I do not know is if I believe this because it is what I was taught or if I came up with the idea myself based on my own interpretation. When I was taught Hamlet there was no argument it was just fact that he was faking his madness. Because of my confusion, I came to findRead MoreHamlet1304 Words   |  6 Pagesunderlying themes of revenge, incest, and suicide, William Shakespeare’s Hamlet was remembered by many Elizabethan Era viewers as both a philosophical and oft-debated masterpiece (Dickson). 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